Immunological differences between layer- and broiler-type chickens

Koenen, M.; Boonstra-Blom, A.G.; Jeurissen, S.H.M.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00169-1

Cited by 125 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Several publications are available on the relation between performance traits and immunological responses. A negative correlation was found between body weight and antibody response in broilers (Kreukniet et al, 1996;Koenen et al, 2002). This correlation was also demonstrated in layer chickens (Gross and Siegel, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Effect of Methionine and Threonine Supplementations on Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease

Maroufyan¹

2010

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement:The aim of this study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing methionine and threonine higher than the National Research Council (NRC) recommendation in the diets on immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Approach: A total of 450 day-old male broiler chicks were assigned to one of the nine dietary treatments. Three levels of methionine (NRC (M1), 2 times NRC (M2) and 3 times NRC (M3)) and 3 levels of threonine (NRC (T1), 2 times NRC (T2) and 3 times NRC (T3)) were fed. On day 28, all birds were challenged with a commercial live-IBDV vaccine. Results: Antibody titer against IBD and ND were influenced by interaction of threonine and methionine. On 7 days after IBD challenge, ND antibody titer of the broilers receiving the highest level of methionine and threonine was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups. Lesion score of the bursa of the broilers receiving control diet was significantly the highest compared with the other treatments. Conclusion/Recommendations:The results obtained on the present study indicated that threonine and methionine requirements of broiler based on recommendation of NRC are not sufficient to meet the requirement of the new commercial poultry and commercial broiler companies under non-hygienic condition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Effect of Methionine and Threonine Supplementations on Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease

Maroufyan¹

2010

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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“…A previous comparative study between one broiler (Ross) and one layer line (White Leghorn) suggested that broilers are more specialized i n mounting strong short (innate) term humoral (IgM) immune responses, while layers are specialized in a long term humoral (IgG) immune response i n combination with a strong cellular response to the model antigen Trinitrophenyl-conjugated Keyhole Limput Hemocyanin (TNP-KLH) after systemic immunization (Koenen et al, 2002). Also other non-comparative studies in broilers (Parmentier et al, 2008) and (selected) layer lines suggested that breeding towards a higher body weight (gain) of broilers negatively affected the humoral immune response while the genetic changes of layers towards egg production had less negative impact on the birds immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A higher body weight (gain) in layer lines was also related with lower immune competence (Parmentier et al, 1996;Siegel and Gross, 1980;Siegel et al, 1982). A dysfunction of the broiler's specific cellular and humoral immune system has been proposed to underlie the health problems and enhanced disease sensitivity after pressure on the immune system (Miller et al, 1992;Koenen et al, 2002). Broilers and layers differ with respect to housing and nutrition demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and Physiological Differences Between Layer- and Broiler Chickens after Concurrent Intratracheal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide and Human Serum Albumin

Parmentier¹,

Reilingh²,

Freke³

et al. 2010

International J. of Poultry Science

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Layers and broilers were concurrently intratracheally challenged with 0.5 mg Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 0.1 mg Human Serum Albumin (HuSA) at 3 weeks of age. Specific total and isotype-specific (IgM, IgG, IgA) Antibody (Ab) responses to HuSA during 3 weeks following immunization, cellular in vitro mitogen responses to Concanavalin A (Con A) and specific cellular responses in vitro to different dosages of HuSA, blood serotonin (5-HT) levels, plasma Corticosterone (CORT) levels at 6 weeks of age and ex vivo nitric oxide (NO) production in the presence of LPS, respectively, were measured in all birds. Higher in vitro cellular responses to HuSA, but not Con A, were found in the broilers than in the layers. Also higher total, IgM and IgG antibody responses to HuSA were found in the broilers. Higher ex vivo NO production was found in the layers. A heavier spleen weight was found in the broilers, but relative spleen weight was higher in the layers. The broilers grew much heavier and also maintained a higher growth during the first 24 and 48 h after i.t. challenge with LPS and HuSA. No breed effect was found for body temperature responses after i.t. challenge. Blood 5-HT levels and plasma CORT levels were significantly higher in the layers. Number and type of significant correlations between 5-HT levels, cachectin response to LPS, antibody levels and cellular immunity differed between breeds. Our data suggest comparable immune responses to i.t. HuSA challenge in broilers and layers of similar age and confirm the earlier reported higher humoral immune response in broilers. On the other hand, the cachectin response to LPS differed between broilers and layers. Our results do not confirm the earlier reported higher cellular immune response of layers. Different significant relationships between physiological parameters in broilers and layers were found. Our results suggest that selection for enhanced growth does not necessarily affect specific immune competence of poultry.

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“…At hatch, the alimentary tract and immune system of chicks is less well developed compared with mature birds (Lowenthal et al, 1994;Koenen et al, 2002). Thus, broiler chicks at early ages are very susceptible to pathogenic bacteria, which can otherwise be protected by a healthy gut microbiota (Nurmi and Rantala, 1973).…”

Section: System Of Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobials, Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Chickens

Lee¹,

Lillehoj²

2011

Korean Journal of Poultry Science

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The use of antimicrobials will be soon removed due to an increase of occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria or ionophore-resistant Eimeria species in poultry farms and consumers' preference on drug-free chicken meats or eggs. Although dietary antimicrobials contributed to the growth and health of the chickens, we do not fully understand their interrelationship among antimicrobials, gut microbiota, and host immunity in poultry. In this review, we explored the current understanding on the effects of antimicrobials on gut microbiota and immune systems of chickens. Based on the published literatures, it is clear that antibiotics and antibiotic ionophores, when used singly or in combination could influence gut microbiota. However, antimicrobial effect on gut microbiota varied depending on the samples (e.g., gut locations, digesta vs. mucosa) used and among the experiments. It was noted that the digesta vs. the mucosa is the preferred sample with the results of no change, increase, or decrease in gut microbiota community. In future, the mucosa-associated bacteria should be targeted as they are known to closely interact with the host immune system and pathogen control. Although limited, dietary antimicrobials are known to modulate humoral and cell-mediated immunities. Ironically, the evidence is increasing that dietary antimicrobials may play an important role in triggering enteric disease such as gangrenous dermatitis, a devastating disease in poultry industry. Future work should be done to unravel our understanding on the complex interaction of host-pathogen-microbiotaantimicrobials in poultry.

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Immunological differences between layer- and broiler-type chickens

Cited by 125 publications

References 17 publications

The Effect of Methionine and Threonine Supplementations on Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease

The Effect of Methionine and Threonine Supplementations on Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease

Immunological and Physiological Differences Between Layer- and Broiler Chickens after Concurrent Intratracheal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide and Human Serum Albumin

Antimicrobials, Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Chickens

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