Immunological effects of probiotics with special reference to lactobacilli

Vaarala, Outi

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2003.01835.x

Cited by 108 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Instead, probiotics have been studied in a variety of bowel diseases other than cancer in humans. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG has been found to alleviate diarrhoea caused by a viral infection or Clostridium difficile, and to be useful in the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea or diarrhoea related to administration of antibiotics (Ouwehand et al, 2002;Vaarala, 2003). Probiotics may also reduce radiation therapy-related diarrhoea (Salminen et al, 1988;Urbancsek et al, 2001;Delia et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some placebocontrolled studies also suggest that probiotics are of benefit in the treatment of antibiotics-associated diarrhoea and in the prevention of nosocomial diarrhoea in infants (Szajewska et al, 2001;Cremonini et al, 2002). The putative mechanisms of L. rhamnosus GG action may include stimulation of the cell proliferation rate of bowel epithelial cells, enhanced secretion of protective mucins leading to reduced adherence of enteropathogenic bacteria to the bowel wall, inhibition of bacterial translocation into the tissues, and stimulation of local and systemic immune response to pathogens (Mattar et al, 2001;Banasaz et al, 2002;Khaled et al, 2003;Mack et al, 2003;Vaarala, 2003). Partially hydrolysed guar gum fibre may also reduce duration of diarrhoea (Homann et al, 1994;Alam et al, 2000) and prolong the colonic transit time (Meier et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lactobacillus supplementation for diarrhoea related to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer: a randomised study

et al. 2007

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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is frequently associated with diarrhoea. We compared two 5-FU-based regimens and the effect of Lactobacillus and fibre supplementation on treatment tolerability. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (n ¼ 150) were randomly allocated to receive monthly 5-FU and leucovorin bolus injections (the Mayo regimen) or a bimonthly 5-FU bolus plus continuous infusion (the simplified de Gramont regimen) for 24 weeks as postoperative adjuvant therapy. On the basis of random allocation, the study participants did or did not receive Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation (1 -2 Â 10 10 per day) and fibre (11 g guar gum per day) during chemotherapy. Patients who received Lactobacillus had less grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea (22 vs 37%, P ¼ 0.027), reported less abdominal discomfort, needed less hospital care and had fewer chemotherapy dose reductions due to bowel toxicity. No Lactobacillus-related toxicity was detected. Guar gum supplementation had no influence on chemotherapy tolerability. The simplified de Gramont regimen was associated with fewer grade 3 or 4 adverse effects than the Mayo regimen (45 vs 89%), and with less diarrhoea. We conclude that Lactobacillus GG supplementation is well tolerated and may reduce the frequency of severe diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort related to 5-FU-based chemotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus supplementation for diarrhoea related to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer: a randomised study

et al. 2007

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“…Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG; ATCC 53103) is a well-documented strain of lactobacilli. It has been shown to be of benefit in many gastrointestinal disorders as well as in enhancing the immune system (Saxelin, 1997;Szajewska and Mrukowicz, 2003;Vaarala, 2003). Some preliminary data on the potential positive effect of LGG on bowel function exist, showing normalization of stool consistency (Ling et al, 1992) and possibly a slight increase of bowel movements in healthy adults (Benno et al, 1996) and elderly constipated patients (Salminen and Salminen, 1997) during LGG supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation

Paajanen

Saxelin

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG (LGG) on intestinal transit time and bowel function, and to test whether they have an interaction in cases of self-reported constipation. Design: The study was carried out as a two-by-two factorial design. Setting: Free-living subjects. Subjects: A total of 59 healthy women with self-reported constipation, recruited by advertisement. Interventions: After a baseline period, the subjects were randomized into four diet groups: (1) rye bread þ LGG yoghurt, (2) rye bread, (3) LGG yoghurt, and (4) control. The 3-week dietary intervention was followed by a 3-week follow-up period. During each period, total intestinal transit time was measured and the subjects recorded faecal frequency and consistency, difficulty in defecation and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: The rye bread shortened total intestinal transit time (mean difference, À0.7; CI 95 , À1.1 to À0.2; P ¼ 0.007), increased faecal frequency (0.3; CI 95 , 0.1 to 0.5; P ¼ 0.001), softened faeces (À0.3; CI 95 , À0.4 to À0.2; Po0.001) and made defecation easier (À0.4; CI 95 , À0.5 to À0.2; Po0.001), but also increased gastrointestinal symptoms (1.6; CI 95 , 0.7 to 2.4; Po0.001) compared to the low-fibre toast consumed in the LGG and control groups. There were fewer symptoms in the rye bread þ LGG group compared to the rye bread group (À1.3; CI 95 , À2.4 to À0.2; P ¼ 0.027). Conclusions: Fibre-rich rye bread can be recommended in the treatment of constipation, and the simultaneous consumption of LGG yoghurt relieves the adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with increased intake of fibre. Sponsorship:

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“…Documented health effects in human intervention trials include amelioration of acute diarrhoea in children, reduction of the risk of antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal symptoms, relief of milk allergy/atopic dermatitis in infants, reduction in the risk of atopic diseases and respiratory infections, relief of irritable bowel syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, suppression of H pylori and modulation of the immune response [2][3][4] . The ways in which probiotic bacteria affect the human immune system in vivo and in vitro are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and Streptococcus thermophilus induce IL-12 and IFN-γ production

Kekkonen¹,

Kajasto²,

Miettinen³

et al. 2008

WJG

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Immunological effects of probiotics with special reference to lactobacilli

Cited by 108 publications

References 65 publications

Lactobacillus supplementation for diarrhoea related to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer: a randomised study

Lactobacillus supplementation for diarrhoea related to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer: a randomised study

A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation

Probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and Streptococcus thermophilus induce IL-12 and IFN-γ production

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