Immunological findings in cigarette smokers

Moszczyński, P; Zabiński, Zbigniew; Rutowski, J; Słowiński, S; Tabarowski, Zbigniew

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00270-8

Cited by 144 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Severe immunosuppression such as bone marrow transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus infection is a known risk factor in novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection (2), and hypoalbuminemia is generally known to be a poor prognostic factor in bacterial and viral infections. However, asymptomatic immunosuppression such as mild hypogammaglobulinemia, which was seen in smokers like the current case (15,16), has not yet been identified as a risk. A low body weight and gastrointestinal disorders are common in smokers (17)(18)(19), as was also observed in the current case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Severe Pneumonia Caused by a Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in an Asymptomatic Emphysematous Smoker

et al. 2010

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A 49-year-old female presented with diarrhea and a high fever followed by progressive dyspnea. Until this presentation, she had been healthy except for chronic dyspepsia and diarrhea. She had a smoking habit of 15 pack-years. Laboratory tests revealed lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. A rapid influenza test in combination with an RT-PCR assay revealed the presence of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. Chest computed tomography revealed centrilobular emphysema. This report suggests that regular smoking may become a risk for severe pneumonia in patients presenting with the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, when accompanying asymptomatic emphysema is combined with other problems such as hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Severe Pneumonia Caused by a Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in an Asymptomatic Emphysematous Smoker

et al. 2010

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“…6 Moreover smoking has been correlated to lowered levels of immunoglobulins, lysozyme as well as a decrease in the total number of NK-cells in long time smokers. 7 Whereas several studies have suggested smoking to be associated with NHL [8][9][10][11] and HD, 8,12 others have failed to confirm these results. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] More recent studies have indicated this relation to be particularly strong for follicular lymphoma and high grade lymphomas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use, body mass index and the risk of malignantlymphomas—A nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Fernberg

Odenbro

Bellocco

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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In the search for risk factors involved in the etiology of lymphoproliferative malignancies there is still inconsistent evidence regarding effects of smoking tobacco, and the role of smokeless tobacco is poorly investigated. New evidence indicates that excess body weight increases the risk of NHL and HD. To determine if tobacco use of various forms and high Body Mass Index (BMI) affect the occurrence of these neoplasms, we conducted a prospective cohort study on over 330,000 Swedish construction workers included in the Construction Industry Working Environment and Health program. Information on smoking, snuff dipping, height and weight was gathered by self administered questionnaires together with personal interviews. Cancer incidence was ascertained through the year 2000 by record linkage to the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry, Migration Registry and Cause of Death Registry. At the end of follow up, 1,309 subjects had been diagnosed with NHL (including chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and 205 with HD respectively. Age adjusted incidence rate ratios were computed using Cox proportional Hazard regression modeling. Smoking cigarette, pipe or cigar was not associated with NHL or HD. There was no evidence indicating a relation between quantity and duration of smoking and NHL or HD risk. No link was found between NHL and usage of smokeless tobacco. Having a BMI of 30 or higher did not convey excess risk of developing NHL or HD compared to normal weight ). We conclude that tobacco smoking and high BMI do not entail an increased risk of NHL and HD. Our findings of a relation between the duration of snuff dipping and HD need further investigation. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Hodgkins disease; smokingtobacco; moist snuff; body mass index Over the past decades, there has been controversy regarding the impact of tobacco use on the development of lymphatic malignancies. Although studies conducted within this area are not sparse, results have been largely inconsistent. In part, the conflicting results might reflect the various designs and sizes of the studies, study type and subjects, interview compliance and if information was obtained from study subjects or their next of kin.Tobacco smoke is known to comprise a number of components, including benzene, lead and polonium 1-3 affecting the immune system by means such as increasing mean leukocyte counts, [4][5] most strongly correlated to neutrophils and CD41 cells, 5 and altered T-cell function. 6 Moreover smoking has been correlated to lowered levels of immunoglobulins, lysozyme as well as a decrease in the total number of NK-cells in long time smokers. 7Whereas several studies have suggested smoking to be associated with NHL [8][9][10][11]8,12 others have failed to confirm these results. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] More recent studies have indicated this relation to be particularly strong for follicular lymphoma and high grade lymphomas. 9,17,20 Overweight and obesity has become a globally accelerating health issue related to increased morbidi...

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“…This study showed that CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD16 levels were lower in those who had been smoking more than 10 pack-years versus the other 2 groups. 5 Our study showed that CD16-56 levels (natural killer cells) and lymphocyte Abbreviations: CD, cluster of differentiation; HLA-DR, human leukocyte antigen *P < .05. ratios were significantly lower in the group who smoked versus the nonsmoking group (P < .05). When the lymphocyte subset panel and pack-years of the 126 patients included in the study were compared, we found that the CD16-56 ratio dropped even further as the duration of smoking increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…2 In individuals who have smoked for longer than 10 years, studies have shown that the number of CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) T lymphocytes increases and the CD4-to-CD8 ratio drops as the number of CD16 cells decreases. [3][4][5][6] It is known that the immune system is suppressed in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). In addition to humoral and cellular immune system defects, the primary issue with CRF is regarding intracellular immunity, in which T-lymphocytes play a role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

Exp Clin Transplant

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Objectives: Smoking is known to suppress the immune system. It is also known that chronic renal failure affects the immune system. However, the number of studies investigating the effects of chronic renal failure and smoking together is limited. In our study, we examined whether smoking affects the diminished response of the immune system in patients with chronic renal failure. Materials and Methods: We compared peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in smoking and nonsmoking patients with chronic renal failure. We also used the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence to evaluate its correlation with the lymphocyte subset count in patients who are current smokers. Results: Our study included 126 patients with chronic renal failure. According to their smoking habits, patients were divided into 2 groups: smokers and nonsmokers. The average age of patients who were smokers was 53.2 ± 1.5 years, with average age of nonsmokers being 59.2 ± 2.2 years. The average duration of smoking in smokers was 30.7 ± 2.7 packyears. We found that the percentage of cluster of differentiation 16-56 cells (natural killer cells) and lymphocyte percentage were significantly lower among smokers in our study (P < .05). We compared the lymphocyte subset panel to pack-years and found that the rate of cluster of differentiation 16-56 cells decreased as smoking duration increased. Conclusions: Our study revealed that smoking suppresses the immune system, as measured by lymphocyte subsets, in patients with chronic renal failure, similar to that shown in healthy smokers. According to our findings, patients with chronic renal failure, where infection is the primary reason for mortality and morbidity, must be questioned for smoking and referred to smoking cessation clinics. Because of its immunosuppressive effects, smoking behaviors must be solved preoperatively in transplant candidates.

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Immunological findings in cigarette smokers

Cited by 144 publications

References 15 publications

Severe Pneumonia Caused by a Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in an Asymptomatic Emphysematous Smoker

Severe Pneumonia Caused by a Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in an Asymptomatic Emphysematous Smoker

Tobacco use, body mass index and the risk of malignantlymphomas—A nationwide cohort study in Sweden

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