Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review

Zhao, Ming; Chu, Jen-Hwa; Feng, Shiyao; Guo, Chun-Jun; Xue, Bai; He, Kai; Li, Lisha

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114985

Cited by 71 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Although resilience appears to be linked mainly to the functional diversity of species present, there are constant metabolic, immunological, and even neurological interactions between the microbiota and the host tissues; the host’s roles in the onset and prevention of dysbiosis should not be ignored [ 66 – 70 ]. For example, antibiotic treatment in mice is associated with disruption of the intestinal tight junction barrier, decreased tight junction protein expressions, disrupted ZO-1 morphology, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy, and a macrophage-dependent increase in inflammatory T helper 1 responses [ 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Resilience and A “Healthy” Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis?

Waitzberg,

Guarner,

Hojsak

et al. 2024

Adv Ther

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Dysbiosis corresponds to the disruption of a formerly stable, functionally complete microbiota. In the gut, this imbalance can lead to adverse health outcomes in both the short and long terms, with a potential increase in the lifetime risks of various noncommunicable diseases and disorders such as atopy (like asthma), inflammatory bowel disease, neurological disorders, and even behavioural and psychological disorders. Although antibiotics are highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is a common, non-negligible clinical sign of gut dysbiosis (and the only visible one). Re-establishment of a normal (functional) gut microbiota is promoted by completion of the clinically indicated course of antibiotics, the removal of any other perturbing external factors, the passage of time (i.e. recovery through the microbiota’s natural resilience), appropriate nutritional support, and—in selected cases—the addition of probiotics. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials have confirmed the strain-specific efficacy of some probiotics (notably the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and the bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) in the treatment and/or prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and in adults. Unusually for a probiotic, S. boulardii is a eukaryote and is not therefore directly affected by antibiotics—making it suitable for administration in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. A robust body of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses shows that the timely administration of an adequately dosed probiotic (upon initiation of antibiotic treatment or within 48 h) can help to prevent or resolve the consequences of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis (such as diarrhoea) and promote the resilience of the gut microbiota and a return to the pre-antibiotic state. A focus on the prescription of evidence-based, adequately dosed probiotics should help to limit unjustified and potentially ineffective self-medication.

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Section: Resilience and A “Healthy” Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis?

Waitzberg,

Guarner,

Hojsak

et al. 2024

Adv Ther

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“…The microbiota is a diverse and intricate ecosystem primarily composed of bacteria but also encompassing viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea [ 1 ]. These microorganisms play a crucial role in multiple facets of human physiology, encompassing dietary habits, metabolic functions, defense against pathogens, safeguarding the intestinal barrier, maturation of the immune system, and the preservation of immune equilibrium [ 2 ]. The gut microbiota has a significant impact on the overall health of its host, and an imbalance in the gut microbiota, known as gut dysbiosis, is now widely acknowledged as a prominent characteristic of obesity and various metabolic disorders [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-Induced Gut Dysbiosis and Leaky Gut Syndrome

Chae,

Lee,

Kim

et al. 2024

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Chronic gut inflammation promotes the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. There is growing evidence which suggests that dysbiosis in gut microbiota and metabolites disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier and significantly impact the level of inflammation in various tissues, including the liver and adipose tissues. Moreover, dietary sources are connected to the development of leaky gut syndrome through their interaction with the gut microbiota. This review examines the effects of these factors on intestinal microorganisms and the communication pathways between the gut-liver and gut-brain axis. The consumption of diets rich in fats and carbohydrates has been found to weaken the adherence of tight junction proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, this allows endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides produced by detrimental bacteria, to permeate through portal veins, leading to metabolic endotoxemia and alterations in the gut microbiome composition with reduced production of metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. However, the precise correlation between gut microbiota and alternative sweeteners remains uncertain, necessitating further investigation. This study highlights the significance of exploring the impact of diet on gut microbiota and the underlying mechanisms in the gut-liver and gut-brain axis. Nevertheless, limited research on the gut-liver axis poses challenges in comprehending the intricate connections between diet and the gut-brain axis. This underscores the need for comprehensive studies to elucidate the intricate gut-brain mechanisms underlying intestinal health and microbiota.

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“…Continuous dysbiosis can push different bodily equilibriums to the edge of a breakdown, eventually leading to local and systemic inflammatory reactions. Comprehensive studies have shown that inflammatory conditions, such as IBD, are instigated by microbiota dysbiosis [ 8 ]. However, it remains uncertain whether this bacterial imbalance is a trigger or an outcome of IBD, and the exact mechanisms by which it impacts IBD pathogenesis remain unclear [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gut microbiota engages with the human immune system, prompting the maturation and function of immune cells. This is accomplished through three primary methods: provoking the secretion of mucin by intestinal goblet cells to preserve the structural integrity of the mucus layer and serve as a barrier; triggering the growth of intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; and fostering the differentiation and maturation of immune cells, mainly through microbiota-guided adjustments that stimulate the development of isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) for innate defense and the activation of naive T and B cells [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Gut Microbiota as Early Biomarkers for Predicting Inflammatory Bowel Disease Onset and Progression: A Systematic Review

Boppana,

Almansouri,

Bakkannavar

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic ailment impacting the digestive system, triggered by an unusual reaction of the immune system. It includes two types of diseases: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Nonetheless, the diagnosis and evaluation of disease progression in IBD are difficult due to the absence of distinct indicators. While conventional biomarkers from blood plasma and feces, such as C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin, and S100A12, can be employed to gauge inflammation, they are not exclusive to IBD. There is a broad consensus that intestinal microorganisms significantly contribute to the onset of intestinal imbalance, a condition intimately linked with the cause and development of IBD. Numerous studies have indicated that the makeup of intestinal microorganisms varies between individuals with IBD and those who are healthy, particularly concerning the diversity of microbes and the proportional prevalence of certain bacteria. A total of 1475 records underwent examination. Following the eligibility assessment, 17 reports were considered. The final review encompassed 12 studies, as five articles were excluded due to insufficient details regarding cases, controls, and comparability. This article suggests that gut microbiota has potential biomarkers for the noninvasive evaluation of IBD activity. Recognizing the microbiome linked with disease activity paves the way for the development of a group of microbiota-derived indicators to evaluate the initiation and advancement of IBD. This article discusses whether changes in gut microbial composition can serve as early indicators of IBD onset and progression.

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Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review

Cited by 71 publications

References 226 publications

Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis?

Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis?

Diet-Induced Gut Dysbiosis and Leaky Gut Syndrome

Alterations in Gut Microbiota as Early Biomarkers for Predicting Inflammatory Bowel Disease Onset and Progression: A Systematic Review

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