Immunological Studies of the Immobilization Antigens of Paramecium aurelia variety 2

Finger, Irving

doi:10.1099/00221287-16-2-350

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…No evidence for the presence of secondary antigens was obtained. This is in agreement with the conclusions reached by other workers (see Beale, 1954;Finger, 1957~). Finger (1957a) suggested that the serological basis for the cross-reactions between immobilization antigens controlled by different alleles of the same genetic locus lies in similarity of structure between the antigens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Gel-diffusion techniques provide a qualitative and quantitative method of measuring antigens in complex mixtures (Oudin, 1952 The present paper reports the results of a preliminary study of the kinetics of serotype transformation in Paramecium aurelia by using gel diffusion quantitatively to assay antigen. The transformation studied was from serotype G to serotype E in stock 28 of variety 2 of P. aurelia (Finger, 1957~). The two serotypes proved to cross-react rather strongly in gel diffusion and it was necessary to devote special attention to the immunological relations between the two antigens and their antibodies.…”

Section: Gel Diffusion Studies With Paramecium 157mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gel Diffusion Studies on Serotype and Serotype Transformation in Paramecium

Balbinder

Jiao

1959

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY: Antigens G and E of stock 28 variety 2 of Paramecium aurelia show cross-reactions with their respective antisera in immobilization and gel diffusion tests. In immobilization tests the anti-E serum P, no. 132, shows the strongest cross-reaction; in gel diffusion tests the anti-G serum P, no. 130, cross reacts more strongly. During serotype transformation of type G protozoa to type E, the increase of the E antigen and the disappearance of the G antigen were followed by the gel diffusion technique. However, because of the peculiar cross-reactions of these two antigens, only the increase of the new (E) antigen was studied quantitatively by this technique. No reliable measurements of the loss of the old (G) antigen were obtained. The results indicate that during transformation the amount of the new antigen increased exponentially.Within a given stock of Paramecium azcrelia a number of clones representing different antigenic types or serotypes may be obtained. Each clone is immobilized by an appropriate dilution of homologous antiserum made against protozoa of its own serotype and unaffected by similar dilutions of sera made against other serotypes. Studies of the immobilization antigens of Paramecium by Sonneborn and others have revealed that they are determined by a complex interaction of three factors: the environment, a system of cytoplasmic inheritance, and nuclear genes (review; see Beale, 1957). Changes in the environment often induce a transformation from one serotype to another. Often the different serotypes of a stock are stable under the same environmental conditions. Under such circumstances crosses between the different serotypes reveal that the differences are maintained by a system of cytoplasmic inheritance. The serotypes which can be manifested, their specific properties and also their stability have been shown to vary from stock to stock, and to be under the control of nuclear genes.The data are consistent with the idea that there is a separate primary genic locus for each serotype, a locus which influences whether the serotype in Paramecium aurelia can be expressed, its stability, and its immunological specificity. More than one locus, however, may be involved in stability. Normally, the effect of only one primary locus is evidenced a t any one time, i.e. only one antigen is detectable. In most of the cases studied any one of a number of equally competent loci may come to expression under a particular set of conditions. Once a type is expressed, however, the continued expression of that locus rather than the others is transmitted hereditarily through the Spring Harbor,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Gel Diffusion Studies With Paramecium 157mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gel Diffusion Studies on Serotype and Serotype Transformation in Paramecium

Balbinder

Jiao

1959

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…It is, however, known that a soluble antigen can be readily extracted from the paramecia (Finger, 1957 Young, 1956) and that this soluble antigen specifically lowers the titre of the antibodies concerned with the immobilization reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Antigens of Paramecium aurelia with the Aid of Fluorescent Antibodies

Beale

Kacser

1957

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY: Preparations of Paramecium aurelia, which had been immobilized by placing the organisms in a solution containing antiserum conjugated with fluorescein (conjugated antiserum), were examined by fluorescence microscopy. Unfixed paramecia accumulated fluorescent antibody in a thin layer around the entire surface of the organisms, and in globules at the clumped tips of the cilia, but not in the cilia themselves. No fluorescence was seen in the nuclei or the cytoplasm, but the food vacuoles became brightly fluorescent when the paramecia remained in conjugated antiserum for a few hours. Paramecia, which had been fixed with osmic acid and subsequently treated with fluorescent antibody, showed a faint fluorescence along the whole lengths of the cilia, When transformation from one serotype to another took place, the change in ability to take up a given kind of fluorescent antibody was seen to occur uniformly over the whole surface of the organism. It is concluded that the immobilization antigen is a fluid substance which covers the whole surface of the paramecia and is exuded into the medium under certain conditions, especially when homologous antibody is present.

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“…My first publication, coauthored with my mentor, I. Finger, was a study of the genetic and environmental factors involved in the expression of Paramecium aurelia antigens. 1 In 1959, I entered the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and participated in research on chick embryo myogenesis, with H. Holtzer. Clinical rotations in my third year led me to Lew Barness and Bill Mellman, my first exposure to human/medical genetics and "inborn errors. "…”

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confidence: 99%

Michael Kaback: people and places

Kaback

2014

Genetics in Medicine

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Immunological Studies of the Immobilization Antigens of Paramecium aurelia variety 2

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Gel Diffusion Studies on Serotype and Serotype Transformation in Paramecium

Gel Diffusion Studies on Serotype and Serotype Transformation in Paramecium

Studies on the Antigens of Paramecium aurelia with the Aid of Fluorescent Antibodies

Michael Kaback: people and places

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