Immunomodulatory activity of isoprinosine on experimental viral infections in avian models

The effect of different doses of methisoprinol on the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulation and the antibody titers in pigeons immunised against PPMV-1

“…The results obtained in this experiment partly correspond with the findings of a study conducted by Rumińska-Groda (2002) on turkeys, which showed that the use of the immunomodulator at lower doses (100 mg/kg of body weight) in ovo on day 26 of incubation stimulated specific humoral resistance against NDV, while it brought about the effect of immunosuppression at higher doses (400 mg/kg of body weight). On the other hand, the results of this experiment do not correspond with the findings of the study conducted by Moya et al (1984), who observed a four-fold increase of the titre of anti-NDV antibodies in comparison with the control group following administration of methisoprinol in chickens at the dose of 300 mg/kg of body weight. When juxtaposed with literature data, the results of this experiment show that the immunomodulating effect of methisoprinol may depend both on its dose (higher doses have an inhibiting effect on producing post-vaccination antibodies) and on the bird species.…”

“…Agents which lower the immunity in birds are hardly ever administered in veterinary practice because veterinary surgeons would rather restore the proper function of the weakened immune system, which may be achieved by immunostimulation. There are reports in the literature on immunostimulators in various poultry species (Panigrahy et al 1979, Moya et al 1984, Singh and Dhawedkar 1993, Rumińska-Groda 2002, Stenzel et al 2008, but there are none about the use of preparations which boost immunity in pigeons. Previous studies conducted by these authors (Stenzel et al 2011) have shown the immunostimulating effect of levamisole, administered to pigeons at 2 mg/kg of body weight, and β-glucans -at 5 mg/kg of body weight.…”

Effect of immunomodulation in turkeys infected with haemorrhagic enteritis virus on the percentage of CD4+ and CD8α+ T lymphocyte subpopulations synthesising IFN-γ

“…Immunomodulators. Two preparations with different mechanisms of action were used to affect the defence mechanisms of turkeys: a synthetic immunomodulator, which was a 20% solution of methisoprinol (inosine-((N, N-dimethylamino-2-propanol)-4-acetamidobenzoate)1:3), in the Isoprivet preparation (VetAgro, Lublin, Poland) administered with drinking water at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w./day ( 32 , 44 ); and an immunomodulator of natural origin, which was the Alphamune G commercial preparation providing β-1,3/1,6 glucans with MOS (Alpharma Animal Health, Antwerp, Belgium) at a dose of 500 g/tonne of feed. Alphamune G is a spray-dried and granulated product produced after the autolysis of food-grade Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast.…”

“…In addition, methisoprinol also has properties modulating the body’s natural immunity, which enhances its antiviral effect. Methisoprinol has also been the subject of numerous studies in various bird species ( 32 , 44 , 47 ). However, immunomodulators of natural origin find much greater uptake among poultry producers.…”

Potentiation by levamisole, methisoprinol, and adenine or adenosine of the inhibitory activity of human interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus

“…Rather, methisoprinol seems to act by enhancing the host immune response to viral infection. According to this proposal, a stimulatory effect of methisoprinol on both the antiviral (EMC virus) and antitumor actions of IFN has been reported in animals (4,6,11 For quantitation of virus yields, samples (0.5 ml each) of infected cultures were added to L929 cell monolayers (60-mm-diameter petri dishes). After 60 min of infection, nonadsorbed virus was removed, and the monolayers were overlaid with 6 ml of growth medium supplemented with 3% calf serum and 0.7% purified agar (Oxoid Ltd., London, England) and were further incubated at 37°C.…”