Immunomodulatory activity of purified arabinoxylans from finger millet (Eleusine coracana, v. Indaf 15) bran

Abstract

Biological activities of alkali extracted (Barium hydroxide: BE-480 kDa, Potassium hydroxide: KE1-1080 and KE2-40 kDa), purified arabinoxylans (AX) from the finger millet bran varying in their molecular weight, phenolic acid content, arabinose to xylose ratios were evaluated for their immune-stimulatory activities using murine lymphocytes and peritoneal exudate macrophages. All three purified AX displayed significant (p<0.001) mitogenic activity and activation of macrophages including phagocytosis. Among these BE has shown higher enhancing lymphocyte proliferation (>2 fold) and macrophage phagocytosis than KE1 and KE2. The above results clearly documented that the immunostimulatory activity of arabinoxylans is directly proportional to the amount of ferulic acid content (0.11 mg/ 100 g), whereas molecular weight as well as arabinose/ xylose ratio, did not have any bearing. Purified AX from the finger millet bran can be explored as a potent natural immunomodulator.

Ferulated Arabinoxylans and Their Gels: Functional Properties and Potential Application as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent

“…AX from endosperm contains very small amounts of FA, while AX from pericarp and aleurone layer are highly esterified to FA [ 20 ]. The FA contents in AX vary from 0.001 to 7.00 μ g/mg AX [ 29 , 30 ]. High contents of FA (6–7.00 μ g/mg AX) have been detected in maize bran AX [ 25 , 30 ], while AX extracted from finger millet bran and ispaghula seed contain very low or even undetectable amounts of FA (0.001 μ g/mg AX) [ 29 , 31 ].…”

“…The FA contents in AX vary from 0.001 to 7.00 μ g/mg AX [ 29 , 30 ]. High contents of FA (6–7.00 μ g/mg AX) have been detected in maize bran AX [ 25 , 30 ], while AX extracted from finger millet bran and ispaghula seed contain very low or even undetectable amounts of FA (0.001 μ g/mg AX) [ 29 , 31 ]. These differences could be related to the source of the polysaccharide as well as the method used for its extraction.…”

Prebiotic Efficacy of Oligosaccharides Derived from the Immunomodulatory Glycoprotein (Agp) Purified from Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammiL.)

“…In the present study, ajowan glycoprotein (Agp) was subjected to acid hydrolysis using TFA to liberate oligosaccharides. In the literature, arabinogalactan oligosaccharides along with other well-established oligosaccharides such as FOS and GOS have exhibited significant effects in promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. ,− They facilitate the reduction of ammonia load in the gut and also help to metabolize polyamines, which are produced as the metabolic end products of protein. ,, …”

Syringol Isolated From Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn Bran Suppresses Inflammatory Response Through the Down-Regulation of cPLA2, COX-2, IκBα, p38 and MPO Signaling in sPLA2 Induced Mice Paw Edema.

“…which are reportd to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antidiabetic potentials and mouse paw edema curative properties (Awika, Rooney et al 2003, Kozuka, Sunagawa et al 2015, Suttiarporn, Chumpolsri et al 2015, Somintara, Leardkamolkarn et al 2016, Ramazani, Akaberi et al 2020. Since, E. coracana, O. sativa, and S. bicolor belong to the same family, Poaceae, and based on the above studies, we suspected that E. coracana bran could also be therapeutically important but to the best of our knowledge not much information is available, except a study which shows E. coracana bran purified molecule arabinoxylan have immunomodulatory activity (Savitha Prashanth, Shruthi et al 2015). With reference to available research findings, the present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of E. coracana bran with an emphasis on its anti-inflammatory properties.…”