Immunomodulatory Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil in Wistar Rats Infected with Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

<p class="abstrak1">Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains bioactive that induce immunity against infectious diseases. This study aim to determine the immunomodulatory effects of VCO based on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lymphocyte proliferation, and histopathological examination in liver and kidney of rats infected with <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em>. The VCO was given intragastrically to rats with a dose of 250 µL for one week. The rats were infected with <em>S. aureus</em> at 5x10<sup>2</sup> bacterial cells intraperitoneally. Twenty (20) female <em>Wistar</em> rats of one month old were divided into four groups. The negative control group (C-): without treatment, AV group: infected with <em>S. aureus</em> followed by VCO treatment; VA group: pretreated with VCO followed by <em>S. aureus </em>infection, and positive control group (C+): were infected with <em>S. aureus</em> without VCO. All rats were euthanized and necropsied based on the animal ethic standard. Plasma samples were taken to evaluate SOD activity, and lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen to determine their proliferative ability. Livers and kidneys were collected for a histopathology examination. Results showed that the VA group had the highest SOD activity on the 4<sup>th</sup> week (41.50 ± 3.56 %) and lymphocyte proliferation (0.3018) compared to all treatments, indicating immunomodulatory effects of VCO. Liver of treatments group showed leucocytes infiltration, no hemorrhages (VA); the hepatocytes with normal cells (VA). Kidney of treatments group showed leucocytes infiltration (AV); normal epithelial glomerulus and tubulus cells, still found hemorrhage (VA). These studies indicated that VCO has a potential role as an immunomodulator, hepatoprotectant, and nephroprotectant.</p>

Effect Of Giving Virgin Coconut Oil And Physical Exercise On Leukocyte Levels In Non-Athlete Students

“…As is well known, Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains active ingredients that can increase the body's immunity against disease agents. Research conducted by Widianingrum et al showed that VCO has the potential as an immunomodulator [32].…”

Tren perkembangan, kondisi, permasalahan, strategi, dan prediksi komoditas peternakan Indonesia (2010-2030)

“…Beberapa di antaranya yaitu optimalisasi dengan sistem integrasi sumber pakan lokal (Indrayani & Hellyward, 2015), peningkatan teknologi (Andria, Effendi, & Maesya, 2017;Purwantini, 2015), pola kemitraan (Pramita, Kusnadi & Harianto, 2017), optimasi wilayah dengan populasi tinggi (Dewi & Subagja, 2015), peningkatan usaha peternakan di wilayah strategis lain (Darsono, Putri, & Nahrowi, 2016;Yuniar, Fuah, & Widiatmaka, 2016). Strategi praktis guna meningkatkan kesehatan dapat dilakukan dengan cara perbaikan manajemen kesehatan termasuk di dalamnya kebersihan kandang, kontrol penyakit, program vaksinasi, pemberian fitobiotik sebagai imunomodulator alami (Khasanah, Silaban, Priyono, 2021;Widianingrum & Salasia, 2021).…”

Antimicrobial activities of nano-emulsion of virgin coconut oil

“…In the present study, we tried to apply nanotechnology to the natural ingredients of virgin coconut oil (VCO). VCO has enormous potential to be developed in the field of animal husbandry as a feed supplement (Widianingrum https://doi.org/10.17221/57/2022-VETMED et al 2019a), an antimicrobial (Widianingrum et al 2019b), and an immunomodulator (Widianingrum and Salasia 2021). The medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) content is known to have an essential role in the various action mechanisms of VCO as a multifunctional drug (Tangwatcharin and Khopaibool 2012;Zentek et al 2013;Enig 2019) and can be used as an alternative to antibiotics.…”

“…2019a ), an antimicrobial ( Widianingrum et al. 2019b ), and an immunomodulator ( Widianingrum and Salasia 2021 ). The medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) content is known to have an essential role in the various action mechanisms of VCO as a multifunctional drug ( Tangwatcharin and Khopaibool 2012 ; Zentek et al.…”