Immunomodulatory Properties of Antibiotics

Tauber, Simone C.; Nau, Roland

doi:10.2174/1874-470210801010068

Cited by 48 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Broad-spectrum antibiotics are known to have a wide-ranging impact on the gut microbiome 35 and immunomodulatory effects on both the innate and adaptive components of the immune system 19 36 . Both the GI flora and the local GI immune response have the potential to prevent or limit GI colonization by C. albicans .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Bayesian modelling to investigate factors governing antibiotic-induced Candida albicans colonization of the GI tract

Shankar

Solis

Mounaud

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics enhances Candida albicans colonization of the GI tract, a risk factor for haematogenously-disseminated candidiasis. To understand how antibiotics influence C. albicans colonization, we treated mice orally with vancomycin or a combination of penicillin, streptomycin, and gentamicin (PSG) and then inoculated them with C. albicans by gavage. Only PSG treatment resulted in sustained, high-level GI colonization with C. albicans. Furthermore, PSG reduced bacterial diversity in the colon much more than vancomycin. Both antibiotic regimens significantly reduced IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22 and IFN-γ mRNA levels in the terminal ileum but had limited effect on the GI fungal microbiome. Through a series of models that employed Bayesian model averaging, we investigated the associations between antibiotic treatment, GI microbiota, and host immune response and their collective impact on C. albicans colonization. Our analysis revealed that bacterial genera were typically associated with either C. albicans colonization or altered cytokine expression but not with both. The only exception was Veillonella, which was associated with both increased C. albicans colonization and reduced IL-21 expression. Overall, antibiotic-induced changes in the bacterial microbiome were much more consistent determinants of C. albicans colonization than either the GI fungal microbiota or the GI immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Bayesian modelling to investigate factors governing antibiotic-induced Candida albicans colonization of the GI tract

Shankar

Solis

Mounaud

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…In addition to the antibacterial properties of antibiotics and their use in the management of bacterial infections, these drugs can have an immunomodulatory effect on the properties of immune cells such as neutrophils [172,173]. In this regard, a study showed that azithromycin and chloramphenicol affect respiratory burst, apoptosis, degranulation of neutrophils as well as NET formation.…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Netosis Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of NETosis for treatment purposes: friend or foe?

Chamardani

Amiritavassoli

2022

Mol Cell Biochem

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Active neutrophils participate in innate and adaptive immune responses through various mechanisms, one of the most important of which is the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The NETs are composed of network-like structures made of histone proteins, DNA and other released antibacterial proteins by activated neutrophils, and evidence suggests that in addition to the innate defense against infections, NETosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several other non-infectious pathological states, such as autoimmune diseases and even cancer. Therefore, targeting NET has become one of the important therapeutic approaches and has been considered by researchers. NET inhibitors or other molecules involved in the NET formation, such as the protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) enzyme, an arginine-to-citrulline converter, participate in chromatin condensation and NET formation, is the basis of this therapeutic approach. The important point is whether complete inhibition of NETosis can be helpful because by inhibiting this mechanism, the activity of neutrophils is suppressed. In this review, the biology of NETosis and its role in the pathogenesis of some important diseases have been summarized, and the consequences of treatment based on inhibition of NET formation have been discussed.

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Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases

Huang

Hong

Wan

et al. 2022

MedComm

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Evidence shows that neutrophils can protect the host against pathogens in multiple ways, including the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web‐like structures composed of fibers, DNA, histones, and various neutrophil granule proteins. NETs can capture and kill pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The process of NET formation is called NETosis. According to whether they depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), NETosis can be divided into two categories: “suicidal” NETosis and “vital” NETosis. However, NET components, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cell‐free DNA, cause a proinflammatory response and potentially severe diseases. Compelling evidence indicates a link between NETs and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, small‐vessel vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, COVID‐19, and others. Therefore, targeting the process and products of NETosis is critical for treating diseases linked with NETosis. Researchers have discovered that several NET inhibitors, such as toll‐like receptor inhibitors and reactive oxygen species scavengers, can prevent uncontrolled NET development. This review summarizes the mechanism of NETosis, the receptors associated with NETosis, the pathology of NETosis‐induced diseases, and NETosis‐targeted therapy.

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Immunomodulatory Properties of Antibiotics

Cited by 48 publications

References 82 publications

Using Bayesian modelling to investigate factors governing antibiotic-induced Candida albicans colonization of the GI tract

Using Bayesian modelling to investigate factors governing antibiotic-induced Candida albicans colonization of the GI tract

Inhibition of NETosis for treatment purposes: friend or foe?

Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases

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