Immunopathologic Effects Associated With Sarcocystis Neurona–infected Interferon-Gamma Knockout Mice

Witonsky, Sharon G.; Gogal, Robert M.; Duncan, Robert B.; Lindsay, David S.

doi:10.1645/ge-72r

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In spleen, T cells concentrated in T cell-zone, resident in the spleen tissue or recruited from the blood to the marginal zone [57] and B cells at the edges of these areas, as well as within the germinal centers, required for antibody responses [58] . The increased expression levels of CD4+ and CD8+ spleen cells after administration of the sarcosysts extracts in the current study is matched with the fact that CD8+ T cells could be the most important factor in cell-mediated immune responses towards S. neurona infected C57BL/6 mice [59] , in addition, the proportion of both blood CD8+ and spleen lymphocytes on 14 day [60] . In addition, a high number of CD8+ T cells identify the susceptibility of mice chronically infected with Trichuris muris [61] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of Sarcocystis fusiformis Crude Antigen Administration on Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses of Wistar Rats

Badr

Kader

Shabana

et al. 2020

Egyptian Journal of Histology

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Background: Sarcocystis fusiformis is an apicomplexan intracellular protozoan parasite that infects Indian water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis, in Egypt. Aim of the Work:The purpose of the study was to assess the changes in the immune parameters of male Wistar rats following their oral administration with thermally treated or fresh extract of Sarcocystis. Materials and Methods: Sarcocysts were isolated from the esophageal muscle specimens that were collected from the slaughtered Indian water buffaloes. These cysts were morphologically described by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Rats (18 per group) were orally administered with; saline (control group), thermally treated cyst extract (heated group) or fresh cyst extract (fresh group). The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured on days 7, 14, and 28 post-administration. Cells positive for CD4, CD8, IgG, and the phosphorylated-NF-κB have been detected by the immunohistochemical technique at the end of the study. Results: In both thymus and spleen, the area%, as well as the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to the fresh extract were significantly increased compared to the control group. On day 28, the fresh extract induced a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-15, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-13 while thermally treated extract was significantly elicited higher levels of IL-15, IL-12, and IL-13 in comparison to the control group. The number of positive splenocytes for phosphorylated-NF-κB was significantly higher in the fresh group than in the heated or control group. In response to fresh extract, the number of IgG+ cells was markedly increased in the follicular zone of the lymph node in comparison with controls. Conclusion:The state at which the parasite extract was administered (fresh or thermally treated cysts) has an inherent influence on immune responses, both innate and adaptive.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of Sarcocystis fusiformis Crude Antigen Administration on Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses of Wistar Rats

Badr

Kader

Shabana

et al. 2020

Egyptian Journal of Histology

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“…Interferon gamma ((IFN-gamma) is essential for controlling the development of EPM, as evidenced by studies in mice. Immunocompetent out-bred and inbred BALB/c or C57Bl/6 mice are not susceptible to S. neurona infection whereas the parasite is fatal to either BALB/c or C57Bl/6-derived interferon gamma gene KO mice (Rosypal et al, 2002; Dubey and Lindsay, 1998; Witonsky et al, 2003a; Witonsky et al, 2003b, Witonsky et al, 2005a; Witonsky et al, 2005b; Dubey et al, 2013). Both IFN-gamma KO and nude mice are susceptible to infection and disease development whereas, SCID mice did not show signs of parasite survival or disease development (Marsh et al, 1997; Sellon et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Clinical Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Dubey

Howe

Furr

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious disease of horses, and its management continues to be a challenge for veterinarians. The protozoan Sarcocystis neurona is most commonly associated with EPM. S. neurona has emerged as a common cause of mortality in marine mammals, especially sea otters (Enhydra lutris). EPM-like illness has also been recorded in several other mammals, including domestic dogs and cats. This paper updates S. neurona and EPM information from the last 15 years on the advances regarding life cycle, molecular biology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control.

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“…In order to develop more efficacious treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic assays, it is important to first determine if there is an immune signature that dictates whether a horse will develop a protective response or neurologic disease. While protection has been linked to CD4 and CD8 cell-mediated response and interferon-gamma (IFN γ ) production [ 6 – 9 ], the specific pathway(s) of immune cell responses associated with development of disease in the equine are still poorly characterized. Interestingly, a number of studies have reported an immune profile of decreased CD4 expression, surface antigen 1- (SAG1-) induced cell proliferation, PMA/I stimulated cell proliferation, and IFN γ in EPM affected horses [ 10 – 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ExperimentalSarcocystis neurona-Induced Infection on Immunity in an Equine Model

Lewis

Ellison²,

Dascanio

et al. 2014

Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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Sarcocystis neurona is the most common cause of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM), affecting 0.5–1% horses in the United States during their lifetimes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the equine immune responses in an experimentally induced Sarcocystis neurona infection model. Neurologic parameters were recorded prior to and throughout the 70-day study by blinded investigators. Recombinant SnSAG1 ELISA for serum and CSF were used to confirm and track disease progression. All experimentally infected horses displayed neurologic signs after infection. Neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes from infected horses displayed significantly delayed apoptosis at some time points. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in S. neurona-infected horses when stimulated nonspecifically with PMA/I but significantly decreased when stimulated with S. neurona compared to controls. Collectively, our results suggest that horses experimentally infected with S. neurona manifest impaired antigen specific response to S. neurona, which could be a function of altered antigen presentation, lack of antigen recognition, or both.

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Immunopathologic Effects Associated With Sarcocystis Neurona–infected Interferon-Gamma Knockout Mice

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of Sarcocystis fusiformis Crude Antigen Administration on Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses of Wistar Rats

Impact of Sarcocystis fusiformis Crude Antigen Administration on Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses of Wistar Rats

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Effects of ExperimentalSarcocystis neurona-Induced Infection on Immunity in an Equine Model

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