Immunopathological Analysis of Mucosal Melanocyte Distribution in the Human Lower Lip of the Elderly

Yanagi, Kumiko; Haneji, Norio; Ishimaru, Naozumi; Hamano, Hirofumi; Hayashi, Yoshio

doi:10.1159/000164030

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…2,6,9,20,21 Also, different amounts of melanocytes have been attributed to the different shades of red. 22 Recently, Nikolis et al analyzed changes in lip redness in patients after the filler procedure, and an enhanced increase in redness was found. 3 Previous studies presented lip OCT imaging in HA-injected lips.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel assessment of lip redness and microcirculation using optical coherence tomography after dermal filler injection

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesLip filler injections are one of the most popular procedures in esthetic dermatology. In this study, we used three‐dimensional colorimetric photography to assess lip color and optical coherence tomography‐angiography (OCT‐A), a noninvasive alternative to histopathology, to evaluate microcirculation after hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. The pain of the injection procedure was also assessed.MethodsAn average of 0.85cc of the total volume of HA with lidocaine was injected into the upper and lower lip of eighteen young (<30yo) and nine postmenopausal healthy women. OCT‐A, two‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional images were acquired immediately before (visit 1) and 15 days after injection (visit 2). Custom‐made software was used to analyze the imaging data to detect vessel morphology and redness changes. The Wong‐Baker FACES pain rating scale (0–10) was used to score the subject procedural pain.ResultsFor young and old subjects, three‐dimensional lip volume was greater than the injected volume. OCT‐A images of the lips showed higher vessel density and thickness, reaching statistical significance in the younger cohort. The overall trend of increased redness assessed by three‐dimensional colorimetric imaging and increased vascularity evaluated by OCT‐A imaging were similar. However, the correlation was not statistically significant for standard two‐dimensional digital photography. The average pain score after the first needle insertion and overall procedure were 2.9 and 3.5, respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggest an increased microvasculature network observed in OCT‐A images in young females. The increased blood vessel density and thickness observed by OCT‐A after HA lip filler injection is associated with increased lip redness and volume as assessed by colorimetric three‐dimensional photography; however, more research is needed to confirm these findings. This study presents OCT‐A as a novel noninvasive tool to investigate changes in lip microvascularity after HA filler injection and indicates that HA filler procedures may affect lip vascularity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel assessment of lip redness and microcirculation using optical coherence tomography after dermal filler injection

et al. 2023

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“…Considerable numbers of these cells are found in gingival epithelia, respiratory mucosa, mucous glands, and deep stroma of the nasal cavity. These cells give rise to malignant melanomas of the mucous membranes lining the upper aerodigestive tract (mouth, nose, and paranasal sinuses), gastrointestinal (anorectum, esophagus, stomach, and gallbladder), and genitourinary (vagina, penis, and urethra) (30). In 1856, Weber was the first to describe mucosal melanomas (mucous membrane of the head and neck).…”

Section: Melanomas Of the Mucous Membranes (Mucosal Melanomas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracutaneous Malignant Melanomas

Hussein

2008

Cancer Investigation

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Extracutaneous malignant melanomas are rare tumors with vexing clinical presentation and grim prognosis. Only 4%-5% of all primary melanomas do not arise from the skin. These tumors are almost uniformly fatal, even in 2006. Although a fairly good number of these lesions were reported in the literature, the lack of a side-by-side analysis of these studies has resulted in tentative conclusions that merely offer a first glimpse at the clinicopathologic diversity of these lesions. To remedy this issue, this article took an aim at presenting a literature review concerning extracutaneous malignant melanomas. It also reports several cases of extracutaneous melanomas, which I came across in my 15 years of surgical and molecular pathology practice. The study raises several notions. Extracutaneous malignant melanomas are rare but extremely aggressive lesions with a grim outcome. They include ocular, metastatic, anorectal, mucosal, nail beds, conjunctival, vaginal, urogenital, orbital, esophageal, and leptomeningial malignant melanomas. The development of these lesions lacks an association with sun damage, family history, or precursor nevi. These lesions cause considerable diagnostic consternation and their distinction from other types of tumors (such as undifferentiated carcinomas, high-grade sarcomas, and lymphomas) is critical both from a diagnostic and prognostic point of view. In the proper clinical, histological, and cytological context, immunopositivity for S100 protein, HMB45, and vimentin allows the distinction of these malignant melanomas from other histologically similar malignancies. To conclude, extracutaneous melanoma should be considered while undifferentiated neoplasms, especially those displaying prominent eosinophilic nucleoli, and the coexistence of epithelioid and spindle cells. Special staining and immunohistochemistry should be resorted to establish the diagnosis.

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“…In light of this, we suggest that lesions in the spectrum of OMM could represent an overlap with lesions characterized by melanocytic hyperplasia/ rete elongation such as lentigo. The increase in the epithelial length (elongation of rete ridges), as well as the increase in S100 positive cells (representing melanocytic hyperplasia), with a minute decrease in HMB45 [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] in cases of OMM, may indicate that at least in some cases there are similar histological characteristics with cutaneous LS. OMM probably represent a form of oral lentigo rather than a separate entity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Oral Melanotic Macule- Overlap with Oral Mucosal Lentigo

Allon

Shapiro

Vered

et al. 2018

BJSTR

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Aim: Oral melanotic macule is a well-circumscribed pigmented lesion that commonly occurs in the oral mucosa. Histologically, it is characterized by increased production of melanin by basal melanocytes which present normal number and normal morphologic features. Lesions may also exhibit melanin -laden macrophages in the adjacent lamina propria. Because of the benign histological appearance, most authorities ignore its pathogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to immunomorphologically characterize oral melanotic macules. Materials and Methods:Cases of oral melanotic macule were included and compared with normal appearing margins of the lesion and as reactive hyperplastic lesions as controls. The morphological assessment was carried out by measurement of rete ridge lengths and by immunomorphometric analysis of the epithelial expressions of S100 and HMB45. Results:The maximal epithelial width of oral melanotic macules was significantly higher than that of the controls. In addition, the frequency of expression of S100 and HMB 45 in OMM differed significantly from the controls; S100 was increased, and HMB45 was decreased. Conclusions:We suggest that lesions in the spectrum of oral melanotic macule may represent the oral counterpart of skin lentigo, which is characterized by elongation of rete pegs. Higher number of S100 positive cells and low expression of HMB45 suggest an increased number of melanocytes with which lack melanogenic activity.

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Immunopathological Analysis of Mucosal Melanocyte Distribution in the Human Lower Lip of the Elderly

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Novel assessment of lip redness and microcirculation using optical coherence tomography after dermal filler injection

Novel assessment of lip redness and microcirculation using optical coherence tomography after dermal filler injection

Extracutaneous Malignant Melanomas

Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Oral Melanotic Macule- Overlap with Oral Mucosal Lentigo

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