Immunopathological effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on swine alveolar macrophages by in vitro inoculation

Chang, Hui-Wen; Jeng, Chian-Ren; Lin, Tsang-Long; Liu, Jiuan J.; Chiou, Ming‐Tang; Tsai, Yi‐Chieh; Chia, Mi-Yuan; Jan, Tong-Rong; Pang, Victor Fei

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.09.016

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Although none of these regulatory factors were investigated here it is possible that they have a role in viral infection of Landrace alveolar macrophages. The fact that our data contrast with the finding showing that TNF-␣ was substantially produced, in vitro, by PCV2-infected alveolar macrophages would predict that PRRSV may play a role in the mechanism of TNF-␣ regulation described above (9).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, PRRSV induction of IL-8 secretion, as reported here, has been described only after coinfection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (50). Macrophage-tropic viruses such as PCV2 were shown to stimulate elevated levels of IL-8 in vitro (9). Data presented here suggest that IL-8 secretion may be associated with increased susceptibility to PRRSV during early in-INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PRRSV INFECTION fection of alveolar macrophages, although the reason for this is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

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Innate Immune Responses to Replication of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Isolated Swine Alveolar Macrophages

Aït-Ali

Wilson

Westcott³

et al. 2007

Viral Immunology

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an infectious disease caused by a positive RNA strand arterivirus. PRRS virus (PRRSV) interacts primarily with lung macrophages. Identifying the genetic components involved in host resistance/susceptibility would represent an important step forward in the design of disease control programs. In this study, alveolar macrophages derived from five commercial pig lines were used to study the innate immune response to PRRSV infection in vitro. Analysis by flow cytometry has demonstrated that bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) preparations were almost exclusively composed of alveolar macrophages and that the pigs tested were free from infection. Macrophages from the Landrace line showed significantly reduced virus replication and poor growth of PRRSV during 30 h of infection. By 72 h, PRRSV viral load was down to 2.5 log(10) TCID(50) compared with an average of 5 log(10) TCID(50) for the other breeds tested. These observations suggest that factors intrinsic to the Landrace breed may be responsible for this reduced or delayed response to PRRSV. Preliminary investigation suggests that the PRRSV coreceptor, sialoadhesin, may not be responsible for the Landrace macrophage phenotype as its abundance and localisation were comparable in all the breeds. Strikingly, we found that the reduced or delayed growth of PRRSV was temporally associated with high levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA accumulation and substantial reduction of secretion of IL-8, suggesting a key contributory role for cytokine synthesis and secretion during the innate immune response to PRRSV infection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Innate Immune Responses to Replication of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Isolated Swine Alveolar Macrophages

Aït-Ali

Wilson

Westcott³

et al. 2007

Viral Immunology

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“…This would explain the presence of intracytoplasmic PCV2 antigen and the usual lack of intra-nuclear signals in PCV2-inoculated MLCs (14,15,16,63). This finding may be comparable to the in vivo situation, in which viral antigen and nucleic acid are mainly found in the cytoplasm of cells of monocyte/ EFFECT OF LPS ON PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS INFECTION macrophage lineage in PCV2-infected piglets (2,55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Lack ofIn VitroandIn VivoEffects of Lipopolysaccharide on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection

et al. 2007

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The presence of immunostimulating factors or concurrent infections seems to be crucial for PMWS development. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent immunological activator and has recently been suggested to enhance PCV2 replication in vitro. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different LPS products on PCV2 in vitro replication of pulmonary macrophages (PMs), and on the potential ability to trigger PMWS in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) PCV2-inoculated piglets. In vitro studies using two different PCV2 isolates (Stoon-1010 and 1452/3) showed the presence of PCV2 antigen within the cytoplasm to a variable degree; PCV2 Stoon-1010 was barely detectable (<1% of stained cells), and PCV2 1452/3 was seen in the cytoplasm of more than 85% of PMs. However, no differences were found in intracytoplasmic PCV2 signals among different LPS treatments, or between the LPS-treated and non-treated PMs. Moreover, almost no intranuclear signals for PCV2 antigen were detected in PMs. The in vivo experiment included twenty 7-day-old CDCD piglets divided into four groups: control (n = 4), control/LPS (n = 4), PCV2 (n = 6), and PCV2/LPS (n = 6). The control and control/LPS groups were inoculated intranasally with a cell culture medium (MEM), and the PCV2 and PCV2/LPS groups were inoculated with a Spanish isolate of PCV2 (Burgos). The control/LPS and PCV2/LPS groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with LPS on PCV2 inoculation day. All pigs remained clinically healthy during the entire experimental period (29 days). Animals inoculated with LPS had significant hyperthermia within the first 24 hours post-inoculation. No differences in gross or histological findings were observed among the PCV2 and PCV2/LPS inoculated pigs. All PCV2-infected piglets developed a subclinical infection with the virus. Our results showed that LPS did not increase in vitro viral replication and did not trigger PMWS in PCV2-inoculated pigs.

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“…Huiwen et al reported that the phagocytosis and microbicidal capability of the PCV2-infected AMs was reduced in vitro [21]. Additionally, PCV2 did not replicate in macrophages and PCV2 signals observed in the cytoplasm while absent in the nucleus in vitro [22], whereas both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear PCV2 signals were easily detected in the tissues of PMWSaffected pigs [23,24]. Recently, Tsai et al [25] reported that PCV2 alone might induce cell proliferation, fusion, and chemokine expression in swine monocytic cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic analysis of porcine alveolar macrophages infected with porcine circovirus type 2

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2012

Journal of Proteomics

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Immunopathological effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on swine alveolar macrophages by in vitro inoculation

Cited by 71 publications

References 44 publications

Innate Immune Responses to Replication of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Isolated Swine Alveolar Macrophages

Innate Immune Responses to Replication of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Isolated Swine Alveolar Macrophages

Lack ofIn VitroandIn VivoEffects of Lipopolysaccharide on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection

Proteomic analysis of porcine alveolar macrophages infected with porcine circovirus type 2

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