Immunoregulation of Macrophages by Controlling Winding and Unwinding of Nanohelical Ligands

Abstract

Developing materials with the capability of changing their innate features can help to unravel direct interactions between cells and ligand‐displaying features. This study demonstrates the grafting of magnetic nanohelices displaying cell‐adhesive Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) ligand partly to a material surface. These enable nanoscale control of rapid winding (“W”) and unwinding (“UW”) of their nongrafted portion, such as directional changes in nanohelix unwinding (lower, middle, and upper directions) by changing the position of a permanent magnet while keeping the ligand‐conjugated nanohelix surface area constant. The unwinding (“UW”) setting cytocompatibility facilitates direct integrin recruitment onto the ligand‐conjugated nanohelix to mediate the development of paxillin adhesion assemblies of macrophages that stimulate M2 polarization using glass and silicon substrates for in vitro and in vivo settings, respectively, at a single cell level. Real time and in vivo imaging are demonstrated that nanohelices exhibit reversible unwinding, winding, and unwinding settings, which modulate time‐resolved adhesion and polarization of macrophages. It is envisaged that this remote, reversible, and cytocompatible control can help to elucidate molecular‐level cell–material interactions that modulate regenerative/anti‐inflammatory immune responses to implants.

Photonic control of ligand nanospacing in self-assembly regulates stem cell fate

“…These results are different from recent studies of dynamic cell modulation via harmful UV laser [ 48 ], light-manipulable static system [ 52 ], or self-assembly-based non-controllable system [ 68 , 87 ]. They are also differentiated from recent reports of magnetic field-mediated directional movement of magnetic nanomaterials [ 32 , 33 , 88 ] or self-assembly-based regulation using strongly acidic harmful conditions [ 65 ].…”

Stimuli-responsive ferroptosis for cancer therapy

“…, acidic pH, high GSH level, high ROS level, and hypoxia) and exogenous ( e.g. , magnetic field, 94 ultrasound, microwave, and light) stimuli have been developed to enhance the precision and efficacy of ferroptosis-based therapy. The selection of suitable stimuli is essential for maximizing tumor targeting as well as therapeutic efficiency.…”

Static and Dynamic Biomaterial Engineering for Cell Modulation

“…Although they found little difference in gene expression compared to the standard hanging drop method, differentiation of the ESCs to form a mesodermal cardiac pathway was observed. Intriguingly, a magnetic field could be used to modulate the inherent features of a nanohelix [233]. In the study, the inter-distance between the ligand pitch was controlled via magnetically modulated winding and unwinding of the ligand-coated nanohelix, which regulated macrophage polarization.…”