Immunoregulatory Roles of Extracellular Vesicles and Associated Therapeutic Applications in Lung Cancer

Yin, Zhengrong; Fan, Jinshuo; Xu, Jing; Wu, Feng; Yang, Li; Liao, Tingting; Duan, Limin; Wang, Sufei; Wang, Geng; Jin, Yang

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.02024

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…EVs are known as important mediators of tumor-host immune exchange, and several experiments have shown that EVs from lung tumor cells or immune cells facilitate tumor growth specifically by suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Conversely, modified or engineered EVs can be used as vaccines to provide anti-tumor immunity [88]. Previous experiments have shown that UV-exposed lung cancer TDEs are capable of promoting DC maturation and inducing T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity, compared to normally secreted TDEs [89,90].…”

Section: Cancer Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer: Prospects for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Kato

Vykoukal

Fahrmann

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid-bound particles containing proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites released by cells. They have been identified in body fluids including blood, saliva, sputum and pleural effusions. In tumors, EVs derived from cancer and immune cells mediate intercellular communication and exchange, and can affect immunomodulatory functions. In the context of lung cancer, emerging evidence implicates EV involvement during various stages of tumor development and progression, including angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, immune system suppression, metastasis and drug resistance. Additionally, tumor-derived EVs (TDEs) have potential as a liquid biopsy source and as a means of therapeutic targeting, and there is considerable interest in developing clinical applications for EVs in these contexts. In this review, we consider the biogenesis, components, biological functions and isolation methods of EVs, and the implications for their clinical utility for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in lung cancer.

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Section: Cancer Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer: Prospects for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Kato

Vykoukal

Fahrmann

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…Numerous studies have widely documented the ability of EVs to regulate immune responses, mainly in the context of cancer and autoimmunity [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Cells of the immune system, such as macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), Natural Killer cells, T and B lymphocytes can shed EVs with specific cargo, resembling their origin and function [ 31 , 32 ], thus participating in cellular communication independently of cell–cell contact or soluble factors (e.g., cytokines and chemokines) [ 33 ].…”

Section: Immunoregulatory Properties Of Macrophage-derived Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Macrophages on Host-Pathogen Interaction

Arteaga-Blanco

Bou-Habib

2021

IJMS

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The nano-sized membrane enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virtually all cell types play an essential role in intercellular communication via delivering bio-molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other molecules to recipient cells. By mediating an active and steady-state cell-to-cell communication, EVs contribute to regulating and preserving cellular homeostasis. On the other hand, EVs can also spread pathogen-derived molecules during infections, subverting the host immune responses during infections and thus worsening pathophysiological processes. In recent years, the biological functioning of EVs has become a widespread research field in basic and clinical branches of medical sciences due to their potential role in therapeutic applications for several diseases. This review aims to summarize the main recent findings regarding the implication of EVs shed by human macrophages (MΦ-EVs) and how they can modulate the host immune response to control or increase the damage caused by infectious agents. We will also present the methods used to describe MΦ-EVs, as well as the potential of these EVs as disease diagnostic tools for some human pathogens. We believe that an in-depth understanding of the host–pathogen interactions mediated by MΦ-EVs may trigger the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases.

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“…Here, we focus on recent advances in clinical utility of EVs, understanding the molecular complexity of bioactive cargo, avenues for bioengineering, and monitoring the form and function of EVs intended for clinical use. For further discussion on topics not covered in extensive detail here, we direct readers to the following recent reviews and position papers ( Lener et al, 2015 ; Reiner et al, 2017 ; Colao et al, 2018 ; Pinheiro et al, 2018 ; Sluijter et al, 2018 ; Russell et al, 2019 ; Whitford and Guterstam, 2019 ; Wiklander et al, 2019 ; Gandham et al, 2020 ; Nelson et al, 2020 ; Pirisinu et al, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ; Grangier et al, 2021 ; Herrmann et al, 2021 ; Johnson et al, 2021 ; Ozturk et al, 2021 ; Sahoo et al, 2021 ; Suharta et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Challenges, Considerations, and Opportunities

Claridge

Lozano

Poh

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

113

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to address clinical and commercial limitations. Clinical applications of EV-based therapeutics are being trialed in immunomodulation, tissue regeneration and recovery, and as delivery vectors for combination therapies. Native/biological EVs possess diverse endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype. Moreover, EVs are important components of paracrine signaling in stem/progenitor cell-based therapies, are employed as standalone therapies, and can be used as a drug delivery system. Despite remarkable utility of native/biological EVs, they can be improved using bio/engineering approaches to further therapeutic potential. EVs can be engineered to harbor specific pharmaceutical content, enhance their stability, and modify surface epitopes for improved tropism and targeting to cells and tissues in vivo. Limitations currently challenging the full realization of their therapeutic utility include scalability and standardization of generation, molecular characterization for design and regulation, therapeutic potency assessment, and targeted delivery. The fields’ utilization of advanced technologies (imaging, quantitative analyses, multi-omics, labeling/live-cell reporters), and utility of biocompatible natural sources for producing EVs (plants, bacteria, milk) will play an important role in overcoming these limitations. Advancements in EV engineering methodologies and design will facilitate the development of EV-based therapeutics, revolutionizing the current pharmaceutical landscape.

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Immunoregulatory Roles of Extracellular Vesicles and Associated Therapeutic Applications in Lung Cancer

Cited by 22 publications

References 103 publications

Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer: Prospects for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer: Prospects for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Macrophages on Host-Pathogen Interaction

Development of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Challenges, Considerations, and Opportunities

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