Immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Cheonggukjang

Lee, Seungjun; Rim, Hong-Kun; Jung, Jung-Yeul; An, Hyo‐Jin; Shin, Ji‐Sun; Cho, Chang‐Won; Rhee, Young Kyoung; Hong, Hee‐Do; Lee, Kyung‐Tae

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.045

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These findings importantly show that the isolated fraction from T. crispa is a very suitable candidate for modulating macrophage function and inducing the immune system. The literature shows that immunomodulatory action is important in antitumor activity [31]. Therefore, the isolated active fraction from T. crispa in this study is a potential candidate for antitumor treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Immunomodulatory effect of an isolated fraction from Tinospora crispa on intracellular expression of INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-8

Abood

Fahmi

Abdulla

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundImmunomodulators are substances that modify immune system response to a threat. Immunomodulators modulate and potentiate the immune system, keeping it highly prepared for any threat. The immunomodulatory effect of the traditional medicine Tinospora crispa is investigated in this work.MethodsT. crispa ethanol extract was fractionated by using different solvents. The ethanol extract and effective isolated fraction were used to investigate the potential immunomodulatory effect of different T. crispa doses ranging from 25 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL on RAW 246.7 cells by detecting intracellular INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 expressions. The antioxidant activity of T. crispa was evaluated through FRAP and DPPH. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were also quantified.ResultsResults show that T. crispa extract has higher antioxidant potential than ascorbic acid. The FRAP value of T. crispa extract is 11011.11 ± 1145.42 μmol Fe+2/g, and its DPPH inhibition percentage is 55.79 ± 7.9, with 22 μg/mL IC50. The results also reveal that the total phenolic content of T. crispa extract is 213.16- ± 1.31 mg GAE/g dry stem weight, and the total flavonoid content is 62.07- ± 39.76 mg QE/g dry stem weight. T. crispa crude extract and its isolated fraction significantly stimulate RAW264.7 cell viability (P ≤ 0.05) and intracellular INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 expressions. The results of LC-MS show that four of the active compounds detected in the T. crispa isolated fraction are cordioside, quercetin, eicosenoic acid (paullinic acid), and boldine.ConclusionsThe results of this study obviously indicate that T. crispa has immunomodulatory effects through the stimulation of INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 expressions. LC-MS phytochemical analysis showed that the T. crispa fraction has cordioside, quercetin, eicosenoic acid (paullinic acid), and boldine, which may be responsible for the immunostimulator effect of T. crispa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Immunomodulatory effect of an isolated fraction from Tinospora crispa on intracellular expression of INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-8

Abood

Fahmi

Abdulla

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Total protein content was determined using the Bradford method. 21 Moisture content and crude ash were determined using the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 22 The PeG compounds, including acteoside, salidroside, echinacoside, and isoacteoside, were determined by subjecting the OFE to an ACQUITY ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC; Waters, Milford, MA, USA) equipped with a photo-diode array (PDA) detector (Waters) and a BEH C18 column (150 · 2.1 mm, 1.7 lm) according to the method of Li 23 with some modifications.…”

Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmanthus fragrans Flower Extract and Acteoside Protect Against d-Galactose-Induced Aging in an ICR Mouse Model

Xiong

Mao

et al. 2016

Journal of Medicinal Food

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Osmanthus fragrans flower extract (OFE) is an organic extract from O. fragrans flower, which exhibits neuroprotective, free radical scavenging, and antioxidant effects. Therefore, the protective effect of OFE and acteoside against aging was studied. An aging ICR mouse model was established by chronically administering d-galactose (250 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. d-galactose induced spatial learning and memory impairments that were successfully inhibited by OFE and acteoside, which could shorten escape latency, improve platform crossing times, and increase zone time. The antioxidant potential of OFE and acteoside in vivo was evaluated by estimating the following: activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase and aging-related enzyme, particularly monoamine oxidase; contents of lipid peroxidation methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, advanced glycation end products, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (a DNA damage product); and levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2. OFE and acteoside also inhibited d-galactose-induced neurological aging by suppressing the increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurotrophin-3. Considering the dose-dependent protective effects of OFE and acteoside, we concluded that OFE, rich in acteoside, was a good source of natural antiaging compounds.

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“…During CKJ fermentation, flavonoid glycosides are converted into aglycones by hydrolysis, and many proteins are degraded into small peptides and amino acids [3,4]. Therefore, the final CKJ product contains many enzymes, microorganisms, and bioactive compounds that are absent from unfermented soybeans; accordingly, it is considered a good source of protein, hydrolyzed peptides and lipids [1,2,5]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of fermented soybean product (cheonggukjang) manufactured by mixed culture ofBacillus subtilisMC31 andLactobacillus sakei383 on liver and kidney of ICR mice

et al. 2014

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To investigate the toxic effects of cheonggukjang (CKJ) manufactured using mixed cultures of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on the liver and kidney of ICR mice, an alteration on the related markers including body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology were analyzed after oral administration at dosage of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day of CKJ for 14 days. Any significant toxicity was not observed on the body and organ weight, clinical phenotypes, urine parameters and mortality in the CKJ-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. Also, liver toxicity analysis revealed no significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in response to CKJ. Additionally, the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds were not observed upon liver histological analysis. Furthermore, kidney toxicological analysis revealed that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Cr) levels and pathological features on histological sections did not differ significantly between the vehicle- and CKJ-treated groups. Overall, these results suggest that CKJ does not induce any specific toxicity in liver and kidney organs of ICR at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).

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Immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Cheonggukjang

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

Immunomodulatory effect of an isolated fraction from Tinospora crispa on intracellular expression of INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-8

Immunomodulatory effect of an isolated fraction from Tinospora crispa on intracellular expression of INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-8

Osmanthus fragrans Flower Extract and Acteoside Protect Against d-Galactose-Induced Aging in an ICR Mouse Model

Toxicity of fermented soybean product (cheonggukjang) manufactured by mixed culture ofBacillus subtilisMC31 andLactobacillus sakei383 on liver and kidney of ICR mice

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