Immunostimulatory activity of soybean hull polysaccharide on macrophages

Abstract

Water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from soybean hull and fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography were investigated to determine their molecular characteristics and immunostimulating activity. In the present study, soybean hull polysaccharide (SHP) was separated and purified to obtain three main fractions (F1, F2 and F3), and their chemical and monosaccharide compositions were analyzed. SHP was mainly composed of carbohydrates (64.3%), proteins (16.2%) and sulfates (12.5%), with minor levels of uronic acid (3.2%), and predominantly contained glucose and mannose as monosaccharides. Moreover, when compared with cells treated with RPMI medium, SHP was revealed to promote the proliferation and pinocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, and to enhance the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Furthermore, flow cytometry demonstrated that CD11b and CD40 were involved in the immune regulation of RAW264.7 cells by SHP. Moreover, western blotting and other experiments revealed that SHP, a type of pathogen-associated molecular pattern, was specifically recognized by the Toll-like receptor 2, which, in turn, upregulated the expression levels of proteins downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB pathways. Notably, the immune activity of the F2 fraction was markedly higher than that of the crude polysaccharides. In summary, the purified F2 fraction of SHP may be an effective nutritional supplement for human disorders associated with low immunity.

A review of extraction, purification, structural properties and biological activities of legumes polysaccharides

“…Gel permeation chromatography (Sephadex-G series and Sephacryl-S series) separates polysaccharides based on molecular weight differences ( 27 , 31 , 33 ). For example, Wang et al ( 6 ) used different concentrations of NaCl to separate three different polysaccharides (F1, F2, F3) by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow. Hu et al ( 34 ) used DEAE-Cellulose to separate neutral polysaccharides (SSPS-N) and acidic polysaccharides (SSPS-A) from Okara.…”

“…Wang et al ( 6 ) investigated the immune activity of soybean chitin polysaccharide (SHP) on macrophages. The study found that SHP can promote the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells, produce NO, IL-6, TNF-α, which was specifically recognized by Toll-like receptor 2, and then up-regulate the expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB pathway downstream proteins.…”

“…In recent years, the research on legumes has mainly focused on protein, but with the rapid development of glycochemistry and glycobiology technology, legumes polysaccharide has gradually become a research hotspot of scholars worldwide (4,5). Legumes polysaccharides obtained by different extraction and purification methods have different physicochemical properties and biological activities, including immune regulation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, gastrointestinal protection and so on (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Additionally, legumes polysaccharides have physical and chemical properties such as emulsifying and stability, which can improve the quality and appearance of dairy products (11,12).…”

Metabolomic Analysis and in Vitro Investigation of the Biological Properties of a By‐Product Derived from Vicia faba

“…Legumes were reported to reduce the prevalence of various diseases. [4,5] Its polyphenol content, which has significant antioxidant activity, accounts for its therapeutic properties. [6,3] Vicia faba (gen. Vicia, fam.…”

“…Similar to medicinal plants, legumes are dietary ingredients with strong biological activity, and they represent a primary source of sustenance for humans. Legumes were reported to reduce the prevalence of various diseases [4,5] . Its polyphenol content, which has significant antioxidant activity, accounts for its therapeutic properties [6,3] …”