Immunostimulatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Nitzschia navis-varingica, Heterocapsa pygmaea and Chrysochromulina alifera Whole Cell Extracts on Mammalian Macrophage Cells

Abstract

Microalgal species have been used as a food source and as medicine since ancient times in Africa, Mexico and China. In our study we focused on the whole cell extracts of three microalgal species that have not been studied before: the diatom Nitzschia navis-varingica, the haptophyte Chrysochromulina alifera and the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa pygmaea.Effects of the diatom Nitzschia navis-varingica, the haptophyte Chrysochromulina alifera and the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa pygmaea on mammalian macrophage cells were investigated first time in this study.A significant anti-inflammatory impact of cell extracts in distilled water was observed.Direct antiinflammatory influence of the extracts without any solvents or further processes facilitates its usage in biotechnology. Furthermore, the ability to include these species in the human diet brings out new opportunities in terms of increasing the tolerance to certain allergic food products in patients with allergic reactions as well as inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, these species can be used in the creams for the atopic applications on the skin to prevent skin allergies. With this study, we are presenting data supporting the biotechnological potential of the diatom Nitzschia navisvaringica, the haptophyte Chrysochromulina alifera and the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa pygmaea species against inflammatory and allergic reactions.

Electrospun nanofiber mats caged the mammalian macrophages on their surfaces and prevented their inflammatory responses independent of the fiber diameter

“…Each well was covered with appropriate nanofiber group and the cells were incubated on top of the nanofibers and rested overnight (12 h) before stimulations. After overnight resting 1 µg/mL of LPS was used to activate the macrophages and the cells were incubated 24 h. After 24 h incubation the supernatants were collected for TNFα and IL6 ELISAs by using BD kit and guidance for the protocol as indicated in our previous publications [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] .…”

“…SEM analysis was performed with an operating voltage of 5 kV at different magnifications. All conditions were repeated at least 3 times (N = 3) and t test was conducted by using GraphPad Prism version 5 program for statistical analysis [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] .…”