Immunotherapy for Treatment of Cancer

Abstract

Cancer is known to be second cause of death worldwide despite aggressive therapeutic measures such as surgical resection of tumors, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The failure of currently available therapeutics for cancers, has led to increasing interest in alternative approaches including immunotherapy. Immunotherapy for cancer treatment is enhancing immune responses to fight cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockades, targeted therapy, adoptive cell therapy, CAR T cells, and cancer vaccines are the most current and efficient parts of immunotherapy armamentarium. Immunotherapy has tremendous success in the treatment of cancers and is considered as a standard care of treatment or recurrence preventive therapy for variety of cancers. In this chapter, we discuss different types of immunotherapy for cancer treatment in detail.

Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus enhanced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines

“…Other treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapies are also commonly used but cannot effectively combat all cancer types effectively (5). This makes it necessary to develop another therapy for CRC patients with low side effects.…”

Safety profile of drugs for advanced melanoma: A report based on 2008–2018 US Food and Drug Administration Data

“…Since then, major advances have been made with immunotherapies and targeted therapies individually or in combination. These have improved survival significantly 7–9 and are the cornerstones of melanoma treatment 10–13 . The immunotherapies include anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1; nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and anti‐cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA4; ipilimumab) antibodies.…”

“…These have improved survival significantly [7][8][9] and are the cornerstones of melanoma treatment. [10][11][12][13] The immunotherapies include anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1; nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 (CTLA4; ipilimumab) antibodies. The targeted therapies encompass BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi; vemurafenib, dabrafenib, encorafenib) and MEK inhibitors (MEKi; trametinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib).…”

The cytotoxic activity of local Cyperus rotundus phenolic extract on human breast cancer cell lines

“…C ancers including breast cancer are the most life threatening problems [1]. Although many available therapies can reduce and inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, they have so far been unable to effectively overcome cancers, and their efficacy is constrained by factors like tumor recurrence and serious therapeutic-induced toxicity [2]. Therefore, with the saving of normal cells, it was necessary to develop new therapeutic anticancer to be effective against cancer cells.…”