Immunotoxicity in ascidians: Antifouling compounds alternative to organotins – II. The case of Diuron and TCMS pyridine

Menin, A.; Ballarin, Loriano; Bragadin, Marcantonio; Cima, Francesca

doi:10.1080/03601230802352690

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The toxicity of TCMS towards living organisms has already been evidenced [29,135,136] and substantiated in in vitro studies [137,138]. TCMS has been found to cause immunotoxic effects at concentrations higher than 10 μM in haemocyte cultures of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri , causing oxidative stress in the process [71,72]. …”

Section: The Main Type Of Antifouling Used In Aquaculture and Its mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The effect of Irgarol on green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta [65], Synechococcus sp and Emiliania huxleyi [66], natural phytoplankton communities [131], periphyton colonization [129] and phytoplankton species [130,132,133] has been investigated and the results showed a decrease in growth, inhibition in cell number and a decrease in the photosynthetic activity of these organisms. These effects have been seen in many different marine plants and algae, such as the eelgrass Zostera marina [38,67], the brown macroalga Fucus serratus [69], the green macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis [70] and the green macroalga Ulva intestinalis [71]. …”

Section: The Main Type Of Antifouling Used In Aquaculture and Its mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks of Using Antifouling Biocides in Aquaculture

Guardiola

Cuesta

Meseguer

et al. 2012

IJMS

213

101

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Biocides are chemical substances that can deter or kill the microorganisms responsible for biofouling. The rapid expansion of the aquaculture industry is having a significant impact on the marine ecosystems. As the industry expands, it requires the use of more drugs, disinfectants and antifoulant compounds (biocides) to eliminate the microorganisms in the aquaculture facilities. The use of biocides in the aquatic environment, however, has proved to be harmful as it has toxic effects on the marine environment. Organic booster biocides were recently introduced as alternatives to the organotin compounds found in antifouling products after restrictions were imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT). The replacement products are generally based on copper metal oxides and organic biocides. The biocides that are most commonly used in antifouling paints include chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Sea-nine 211®), Diuron, Irgarol 1051, TCMS pyridine (2,3,3,6-tetrachloro-4-methylsulfonyl pyridine), zinc pyrithione and Zineb. There are two types of risks associated with the use of biocides in aquaculture: (i) predators and humans may ingest the fish and shellfish that have accumulated in these contaminants and (ii) the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This paper provides an overview of the effects of antifouling (AF) biocides on aquatic organisms. It also provides some insights into the effects and risks of these compounds on non-target organisms.

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Section: The Main Type Of Antifouling Used In Aquaculture and Its mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Main Type Of Antifouling Used In Aquaculture and Its mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of Using Antifouling Biocides in Aquaculture

Guardiola

Cuesta

Meseguer

et al. 2012

IJMS

213

101

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“…Fourteen pesticides were selected based on their detection in the aquatic environment in Brittany and in Charente Maritime and on their immunotoxic potential for invertebrates (Galloway & Handy, 2003;Tanguy et al, 2005;Gagnaire et al, 2007;Menin et al, 2008;Luna-Acosta et al, 2011). They belong to 4 pesticide groups: herbicides, fongicides, insecticides, and molluscicides.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hemocyte are not affected by a mixture of pesticides in short-term in vitro assays

Moreau

Burgeot

Renault

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Pesticides are frequently detected in estuaries among the pollutants found in estuarine and coastal areas and may have major ecological consequences. They could endanger organism growth, reproduction, or survival. In the context of high-mortality outbreaks affecting Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in France since 2008, it appears of importance to determine the putative effects of pesticides on oyster susceptibility to infectious agents. Massive mortality outbreaks reported in this species, mainly in spring and summer, may suggest an important role played by the seasonal use of pesticides and freshwater input in estuarine areas where oyster farms are frequently located. To understand the impact of some pesticides detected in French waters, their effects on Pacific oyster hemocytes were studied through short-term in vitro experiments. Bivalve immunity is mainly supported by hemocytes eliminating pathogens by phagocytosis and producing compounds including lysosomal enzymes and antimicrobial molecules. In this study, oyster hemocytes were incubated with a mixture of 14 pesticides and metaldehyde alone, a molecule used to eliminate land mollusks. Hemocyte parameters including dead/alive cells, nonspecific esterase activities, intracytoplasmic calcium, lysosome number and activity, and phagocytosis were monitored by flow cytometry. No significant effect of pesticides tested at different concentrations was reported on oyster hemocytes maintained in vitro for short-term periods in the present study. It could be assumed that these oyster cells were resistant to pesticide exposure in tested conditions and developing in vivo assays appears as necessary to better understand the effects of pollutants on immune system in mollusks.

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“…A very important immune function of haemocytes as well as human neutrophils and monocytes is phagocytosis (Bouchard et al 1999, Auffret et al 2004, Cammarata et al 2007, Russo et al 2007, De Guise et al 2008, Gagné et al 2008, Oweson et al 2008. Alterations in phagocytosis are a consequence of changes in the cytoskeleton (Cima et al 2008, Menin et al 2008.…”

Section: Non-mammalian Biomodelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative haematotoxicological testing

Berger

2010

J Appl Biomed

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Standard haematological procedures in preclinical subchronic and chronic toxicity studies are carried out on dogs, rats and other mammals. In vitro clonic assays CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-Mgkr and pluripotent stem cells are used in screening candidate compounds to predict acute cytopenias, but they are not able to reveal the risk of suppression which can develop after repeated administration. No in silico studies have yet been published in haematotoxicology. More recent haematotoxicological in vivo models represent invertebrates: they can be used in both ecotoxicology and in the screening of myelotoxicity.

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Immunotoxicity in ascidians: Antifouling compounds alternative to organotins – II. The case of Diuron and TCMS pyridine

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Risks of Using Antifouling Biocides in Aquaculture

Risks of Using Antifouling Biocides in Aquaculture

Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hemocyte are not affected by a mixture of pesticides in short-term in vitro assays

Alternative haematotoxicological testing

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