Imote2-based multi-channel wireless impedance sensor nodes for local SHM of structural connections

Nguyen, Khac-Duy; Park, Jae Hyung; Kim, Jeong Tae

doi:10.1117/12.879613

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In recent years, the EMI technique has gained wide attention and emerged as a favorable tool for structural damage detection. This technique can diagnose several types of structures, including bolted connections [5,6], cable-stayed bridges [7], aerospace structures [8], reinforced concrete structures [9,10], and pipeline structures [11]. The basic concept of this approach is to use high-frequency excitations to monitor the local area of the host structure for changes in the structural mechanical impedance caused by damage [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Model of the Effective Electromechanical Impedance for an Embedded PZT Transducer

Zuo

Feng

Zhou

2013

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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A three-dimensional model of the effective electromechanical impedance for an embedded PZT transducer is proposed by considering the interaction between a PZT patch and a host structure. By introducing an effective mechanical impedance, the coupled electromechanical admittance formulations are derived using the piezoelectric constitutive equations. Then, a modified methodology for monitoring structure changes using an electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique is proposed. In the proposed method, the changes in the host structure are monitored by using the “active” part associated with the structural mechanical impedance, which is extracted from the measured raw admittance signatures. The strength gain of a concrete beam with embedded PZT transducers during the curing age was monitored with the proposed methodology. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of the “active” part is more sensitive as opposed to the raw admittance signatures for structural health monitoring (SHM).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Model of the Effective Electromechanical Impedance for an Embedded PZT Transducer

Zuo

Feng

Zhou

2013

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Note that the multi-channel SHM system works in weak current. Therefore, with the development of microelectronics technology, the MUX has gradually replaced the relay's position in SHM systems [25]. Therefore, a so-called "scheduling module" part, which is formed by several MUXs, is utilized to schedule the commands to the PZT sensors and transfer their signals to different preprocessing units according to the needs.…”

Section: Development Methods For An Integrated Piezoelectric Transducementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it can reduce the weight and energy cost of the whole system when there is a significant amount of wire [21]. These hardware systems used to be applied in a library environment, and thus are not suitable for real applications.To date, researchers [20,[22][23][24][25] tend to focus on a single SHM method rather than a combination of several methods. However, the integrations of several SHM methods have many advantages.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Development of a Piezoelectric Transducer-Based Integrated Structural Health Monitoring System for Impact Monitoring and Impedance Measurement

Guo

Huang

2020

Applied Sciences

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques, which are also considered as online nondestructive testing methods, are significant in modern structural engineering due to their ability to guarantee structure safety while reducing maintenance cost. It is often necessary to combine different SHM methods to achieve a more reliable damage detection result. However, the hardware of the SHM systems is usually expensive, bulky, and heavy when they are designed separately. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-layer architecture for designing an integrated multi-function SHM system to achieve a small, lightweight, and low power consumption SHM system. Based on the architecture, an integrated SHM system with impact monitoring and electromechanical impedance measurement is developed. In addition, a scheduling module is developed to manage the two functions of the system. Furthermore, an integrated interface is developed to transfer the data and the command. Then, an integrated printed circuit board is designed and manufactured to achieve the aforementioned functions. The designed system is applied for impact monitoring and damage detection for a supporting structure of a sailplane. Another active sensing technique is based on electromechanical impedance (EMI) [2,8], which can be applied on a composite material [12]. The theoretical model for the EMI method was first established by Liang et al. [13]. In this model, the electrical impedance, which is the inverse of the electrical admittance, of a PZT sensor is shown to be coupled with the mechanical impedance of the host structure. Thus, the measured impendence from PZT can represent the severity of damage in the host structure. However, there are some practical issues related to the application such as debonding issues, temperature effects, and so on [14]. Usually, equipment employed for measuring electric impedance includes an inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) meter or impedance analyzer [15]. This hardware, including Agilent 4194A and Wayne Kerr 6500B [16], and so on, is often employed in experiments. Researches using this hardware tend to focus on some practical issues and theoretical problems and pursue a high level of precision; thus, reducing energy consumption and weight of hardware is not considered in these studies. Moreover, some of SHM systems utilizing EMI methods require a set of PZTs to form a sensor network, and this causes the hardware system to become heavy and complex. Therefore, it is necessary to design a lightweight and low-power consumption hardware system for real applications. One way to shrink the size of the hardware system is to employ a chip named AD5933. The AD5933 impedance converter is a high-precision impedance converter system with an on-board frequency generator, a 12-bit 1MSPS, ADC, and an on-board digital signal processing (DSP) engine processing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) with a weight of less than 5 g. Nowadays, it is employed by many researchers for designing low-cost, on-board, and wireless SHM systems [4]. The next gen...

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“…This paper presents the implementation of high‐throughput, real‐time, wireless data acquisition on the Imote2, an advanced smart sensor platform used extensively today . The implications of hardware and software limitations on the implementation of real‐time sensing are discussed and then addressed in the communication protocol and application design for real‐time data acquisition, which is evaluated for systems requiring real‐time state knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TinyOS-based real-time wireless data acquisition framework for structural health monitoring and control

Linderman

Mechitov

Spencer

2012

Struct. Control Health Monit.

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Wireless smart sensor networks have become an attractive alternative to traditional wired sensor systems to reduce implementation costs of structural health monitoring systems. The onboard sensing, computation, and communication capabilities of smart wireless sensors have been successfully leveraged in numerous monitoring applications. However, the current data acquisition schemes, which completely acquire data remotely prior to processing, limit the applications of wireless smart sensors (e.g., for real-time visualization of the structural response). Although realtime data acquisition strategies have been explored, challenges of implementing high-throughput real-time data acquisition over larger network sizes still remain because of operating system limitations, tight timing requirements, sharing of transmission bandwidth, and unreliable wireless radio communication. This paper presents the implementation of real-time wireless data acquisition on the Imote2 platform. The challenges presented by hardware and software limitations are addressed in the application design. The framework is then expanded for high-throughput applications that necessitate larger networks sizes with higher sampling rates. Two approaches are implemented and evaluated on the basis of network size, associated sampling rate, and data delivery reliability. Ultimately, the communication and processing protocol allows for near-real-time sensing of 108 channels across 27 nodes with minimal data loss.

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Imote2-based multi-channel wireless impedance sensor nodes for local SHM of structural connections

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

A Three-Dimensional Model of the Effective Electromechanical Impedance for an Embedded PZT Transducer

A Three-Dimensional Model of the Effective Electromechanical Impedance for an Embedded PZT Transducer

Development of a Piezoelectric Transducer-Based Integrated Structural Health Monitoring System for Impact Monitoring and Impedance Measurement

TinyOS-based real-time wireless data acquisition framework for structural health monitoring and control

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