Impact analysis of Plug-in Electric Vehicles on an electric distribution network

Abstract

This paper analyzes the effect in a distribution network caused by massive recharging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV), based on a probabilistic model of consumption for PEV, which is added to the residential demand to evaluate some electrical system parameters, such as voltage levels, technical losses and maximum circuit capacity. Additionally, the behavior of the same parameters is corroborated through a sensitivity analysis, for which the PEV penetration varied between 10% and 100%. Based on these results, possible strategies to reduce the effect of the PEVs connection on safety, reliability and stability of the distribution system are proposed.

Electric Vehicles Beyond Energy Storage and Modern Power Networks: Challenges and Applications

“…V2G, coordinated charging, and smart charging would alleviate the losses degradation a bit as pointed out in [135], [138], [157], [158]. Furthermore, the case in Bogota, Colombia network claimed that losses are a function of a number of simultaneous EV connections in a distribution system, battery capacities and charger specifications, conductor parameters and the section length, residential demand behavior, and the distribution system configuration [143]. At 100 % EV penetration level, the power loss is as high as 0.82 pu, leading to a 25 % overload to the Columbian network, which in turn jeopardizes the grid stability.…”

“…A case study of Bogota, Colombia network was conducted in [143] to investigate the effects of EVs integration (between 10 % to 100 %) on the voltage profile. The voltage profile gained at 100 % EVs penetration rate was as low as 82 % of the nominal value, leading to unhealthy network.…”

“…Strictly speaking, the transformer LOL are only within their annual limits if both TOU-midnight and smart charging were combinative. A different study in [143] claimed that transformers LOL are retained if at least 10 % of capacity margin is imposed. The previous studies approached LOL qualitatively, but [179] developed a risk assessment method to quantify risks associated with transformer LOL.…”

“…The reference used TOU charging scheme in order to target off-peak hours for improved outcomes, and it concluded that an energy consumption factor is the driver behind favoring specific EV brands-generation over other brands so that the transformers LOL is remain intact [138]. Other references recommended regulated charging for its benefits of reducing transformers adverse impacts of EVs deployment [134]- [136], [143], [151], [152], [159]. The effect of adopting PV and battery storage systems on the transformer LOL were investigated in [181], [182] in which they claim that the transformers LOL are prolonged upon these setups.…”

Estimation of electric energy required by electric vehicles based on travelled distances in a residential zone

“…Taking into account that the proposed methodology is based on real data and probability functions, its implementation will allow establishing the actual behavior of vehicle batteries, thus obtaining the energy required by the system to recharge and the impact the simultaneous connection of vehicles will produce on the system capacity [25] [26]. This represents an advantage for both the power grid operator, who will be able to make the necessary adjustments on the infrastructure, and the user, who will not evidence problems on the energy service delivery.…”