Impact of a Novel Water-Saving Subsurface Irrigation System on Water Productivity, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Date Palm under Arid Conditions

Mohammed, Maged; Alhajhoj, Mohammed Refdan; Ali-Dinar, Hassan; Munir, Muhammad

doi:10.3390/agronomy10091265

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The annual cumulative value of ETc was 2137 mm, as shown in Figure 14. The obtained data of ETo was similar to the resulted data presented by the authors in [1,11,32].…”

Section: Monitoring Of Irrigation Water Appliedsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The irrigation amount was determined in the T-BIS method based on calculated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and target soil area for the irrigated date palm trees. We applied 50 % of ETc according to the recommendation of Mohammed et al [1]. The following equation was used for calculating the irrigation water requirement:…”

Section: Experimental Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The applied shaded area in the experiment was 22 m 2 . The calendar set the irrigation timing under the T-BIS method was conducted according to Mohammed et al [1] every three days from 1-January to 31 March, every two days from 1 April to 30 September, and every three days from 1-October to 31 December using a programmable timer (model: TM919, Shenzhen HHT Electronics Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China). The designed IoT system mounted the actual amount of irrigation water and the cumulative irrigation water throughout the year for the two methods of time-based scheduling (T-BIS) and sensor-based scheduling (S-BIS).…”

Section: Experimental Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions is a primary constraint to sustainable cultivation [1]. However, ongoing population growth requires sustained growth of food production in the future, which in turn requires irrigation water inputs that can support irrigated cultivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irrigation water does not evaporate from the soil surface using subsurface irrigation systems compared to traditional surface irrigation methods. The subsurface irrigation systems are characterized by water application at low intensity directly in the functional root zone of the date palm [1,16,[27][28][29]. The automatic irrigation system, including wireless soil moisture sensors, obtains more yield with less irrigation water requirement, and the water productivity is improved [5,17,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient IoT-Based Control for a Smart Subsurface Irrigation System to Enhance Irrigation Management of Date Palm

Mohammed

Riad

Alqahtani

2021

Sensors

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Drought is the most severe problem for agricultural production, and the intensity of this problem is increasing in most cultivated areas around the world. Hence improving water productivity is the primary purpose of sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to use cloud IoT solutions to control a modern subsurface irrigation system for improving irrigation management of date palms in arid regions. To achieve this goal, we designed, constructed, and validated the performance of a fully automated controlled subsurface irrigation system (CSIS) to monitor and control the irrigation water amount remotely. The CSIS is based on an autonomous sensors network to instantly collect the climatic parameters and volumetric soil water content in the study area. Therefore, we employed the ThingSpeak cloud platform to host sensor readings, perform algorithmic analysis, instant visualize the live data, create event-based alerts to the user, and send instructions to the IoT devices. The validation of the CSIS proved that automatically irrigating date palm trees controlled by the sensor-based irrigation scheduling (S-BIS) is more efficient than the time-based irrigation scheduling (T-BIS). The S-BIS provided the date palm with the optimum irrigation water amount at the opportune time directly in the functional root zone. Generally, the S-BIS and T-BIS of CSIS reduced the applied irrigation water amount by 64.1% and 61.2%, respectively, compared with traditional surface irrigation (TSI). The total annual amount of applied irrigation water for CSIS with S-BIS method, CSIS with T-BIS method, and TSI was 21.04, 22.76, and 58.71 m3 palm−1, respectively. The water productivity at the CSIS with S-BIS (1.783 kg m−3) and T-BIS (1.44 kg m−3) methods was significantly higher compared to the TSI (0.531 kg m−3). The CSIS with the S-BIS method kept the volumetric water content in the functional root zone next to the field capacity compared to the T-BIS method. The deigned CSIS with the S-BIS method characterized by the positive impact on the irrigation water management and enhancement on fruit yield of the date palm is quite proper for date palm irrigation in the arid regions.

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“…The annual cumulative value of ETc was 2137 mm, as shown in Figure 14. The obtained data of ETo was similar to the resulted data presented by the authors in [1,11,32].…”

Section: Monitoring Of Irrigation Water Appliedsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Experimental Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%