Impact of additives on Combustion, performance and exhaust emission of biodiesel fueled direct injection diesel engine

Nagappan, M.; Devaraj, A.; Babu, J. M.; Saxena, Nishant; Prakash, Om; Kumar, Prashant; Sharma, Abhishek

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.114

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…CnHm + (n/2 + m/4) O2 nCO +m/2 H2O (6) Designs 2024, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 14 CO + 1/2 O2 CO2 (7) HC emission occurs due to the poor involvement of fuel in combustion and evaporation [39]. Thus, a high reduction in HC emissions occurs due to better combustion of fuel resulting from the higher oxygen content of biodiesel [40], which is also the reason behind the reduction in PM emissions. In addition, HC consists of unburned fuels, which result from insufficient temperature at the cylinder wall.…”

Section: Exhaust Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Utilizing Waste Sunflower Oil as a Biodiesel Blend on Four-Stroke Engine Performance and Emissions

Hassan,

Araibi,

Shather

et al. 2024

Designs

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The blending of biodiesel with petroleum diesel attracts much attention due to its high potential in reducing emissions. In this work, waste sunflower oil was converted to biodiesel by the trans-esterification method, and it was blended with petroleum diesel in three ratios (10, 30, and 50%). The impact of using these blended fuels in a four-stroke engine on engine performance and exhaust emissions at three engine loads (2, 4, and 6 N.m) was investigated and compared with the use of petroleum diesel and biodiesel. The engine performance was evaluated by determining the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), engine effective power (Ne), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and noise intensity. The evaluation of emissions from the engine exhaust was carried out by measuring the levels of carbon oxides (CO and CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), and particulate matter (PM). The results show that blending diesel with up to 30% biodiesel can reduce CO, HC, and PM emissions by 29.6 ± 1%, 26.0 ± 4%, and 31.0 ± 3%, respectively. However, this decrease is associated with increasing CO2 and NOx emissions by 18.5 ± 2.5% and 29.0 ± 6%, respectively. In addition, the engine showed acceptable performance when using up to 30% biodiesel, where the increase in fuel consumption was limited to 5.8 ± 0.3%. In addition, the engine’s effective power increased with the blending ratio of 10% by 2.0 ± 0.6%, but then decreased with the blending ratio of 30% by only 2.0 ± 0.6%. The noise intensity was also decreased by 2.4%, while BSEC and BTE were reduced by only 2.9 ± 0.9% and 3.5 ± 1%, respectively. The results of this work provide deep insights regarding the utilization of waste sunflower oil as biodiesel to be blended with petroleum diesel, which is a considerable novel approach in the energy and environmental sectors.

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Section: Exhaust Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Utilizing Waste Sunflower Oil as a Biodiesel Blend on Four-Stroke Engine Performance and Emissions

Hassan,

Araibi,

Shather

et al. 2024

Designs

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“…Plants that have a high content of phenolic compounds can have an antioxidant effect, and vegetable oils contain natural antioxidants, such as chlorophylls, polyphenols, tocopherols, carotenoids, tocotrienols, ascorbic acid salts, lignin, etc., which fulfill the role of protectors in the oxidation process of fatty acids. A large part of these antioxidants can be decomposed or destroyed during transesterification or refining processes [101,102]. Considering this aspect, biodiesels obtained from unrefined vegetable oils have a higher amount of natural antioxidants in their composition and, consequently, a greater stability to degradation by oxidation, but do not meet other conditions necessary to be used as fuel [103].…”

Section: Natural Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that tocopherols show antioxidant activity only if their concentration is approximately equal to their concentration in vegetable oil, and at a higher concentration, they could act as an oxidant agent [27,105]. Further, in many studies, it has been shown that tocopherols, compared to synthetic antioxidants, have a limited antioxidant effect on biodiesel fuels, being more effective for diesel than for biodiesel produced from vegetable oils or their esters [101][102][103]. In addition, tocopherols are compounds that oxidize easily in air, and they are only stable in an inert environment (in the absence of air).…”

Section: Natural Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Antioxidants Used as Additives to Improve Biodiesel’s Stability to Degradation through Oxidation

David,

Kopac

2023

Molecules

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A major problem that limits the use of biodiesel is maintaining the fuel at the specified standards for a longer period. Biodiesel oxidizes much more easily than diesel, and the final oxidation products change its physical and chemical properties and cause the formation of insoluble gums that can block fuel filters and the supply pipes. This instability of biodiesel is a major problem and has not yet been satisfactorily resolved. Recently, the use of biodiesel has increased quite a lot, but the problem related to oxidation could become a significant impediment. A promising and cost-effective approach to improving biodiesel’s stability is to add appropriate antioxidants. Antioxidants work better or less effectively in different biodiesel fuels, and there is no one-size-fits-all inhibitor for every type of biodiesel fuel. To establish a suitable antioxidant for a certain type of biodiesel, it is necessary to know the chemistry of the antioxidants and factors that influence their effectiveness against biodiesel oxidation. Most studies on the use of antioxidants to improve the oxidative stability of biodiesel have been conducted independently. This study presents an analysis of these studies and mentions factors that must be taken into account for the choice of antioxidants so that the storage stability of biodiesel fuels can be improved.

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“…Furthermore, these chemicals are effective even when added at low concentrations. However, no purposeful regulations exist regarding the concentrations of such fuel improvers that can be added to diesel, which can lead to an unnecessarily high consumption of improvers and higher costs . This issue could potentially be solved by the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to effectively and simultaneously determine the concentrations of diesel improvers within the diesel matrix, while also purposefully correcting their concentrations during online monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool for Simultaneous Determination of Diesel Fuel Improvers

et al. 2023

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Diesel and biodiesel blends requires additives to improve fuel quality properties and engine performance. Diesel improvers are added before, during and/or after the fuel is blended. However, no accurate rapid and non-destructive analytical method is used during the fuel production that could determine the exact concentration of various types of improvers in diesel fuel. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of several improvers in diesel matrices at the same time. Three types of diesel improvers, i.e., a cold-flow improver (CFI), a conductivity−lubricity improver (CLI), and a cetane number improver (CNI), were simultaneously determined by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis and the partial least squares algorithm. The prediction models yielded high correlation coefficients (R 2 ) >0.99 and satisfactory values of the root mean square error of calibration as follows: CLI 4.2 (mg•kg −1 ), CFI 4.6 (mg•kg −1 ), and CNI 5.3 (mg•kg −1 ). The residual standard deviation of the repeatability was calculated to be around 8%. These results highlight the potential of NIR spectroscopy for use as a fast, low-cost, and efficient tool to determine the concentrations of diesel improvers. Moreover, this technique is suitable for application during refinery production, especially for the purpose of online monitoring to prevent overdoses of additives and save financial expenses.

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Impact of additives on Combustion, performance and exhaust emission of biodiesel fueled direct injection diesel engine

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

The Impact of Utilizing Waste Sunflower Oil as a Biodiesel Blend on Four-Stroke Engine Performance and Emissions

The Impact of Utilizing Waste Sunflower Oil as a Biodiesel Blend on Four-Stroke Engine Performance and Emissions

Survey on Antioxidants Used as Additives to Improve Biodiesel’s Stability to Degradation through Oxidation

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool for Simultaneous Determination of Diesel Fuel Improvers

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