Impact of adhesive ingredients on adhesion between rubber and brass‐plated steel wire in tire

Chowdhury, Soumya Ghosh; Chanda, Jagannath; Ghosh, Subrata; Banerjee, Koushik; Banerjee, Shib Shankar; Das, Amit; Ghosh, Prasenjit; Bhattacharyya, Somak; Mukhopadhyay, R.

doi:10.1002/pen.25444

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Investigation of the role and mechanism of metal materials on rubber is important in not only developing combined polymer material, such as crosslinking by copper sulfate, [ 34 ] adhesion between rubber and brass‐plated steel wire in tire, [ 35 ] and but also studying mechanical and thermal properties of rubber materials. [ 36 ] NR‐based tire‐tread compound can be influenced by metal poisoning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different forms of iron substances on the aging properties of carbon‐black filled natural rubber

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The effect of iron‐containing substances with different forms on the properties of carbon‐black filled natural rubber compound is discussed. The ionic iron substances (FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(SA)3) have a detrimental effect on the rubber. Based on the oxidation induction temperature values, the relative deteriorating effects of ionic iron substances on the rubber are in the order: Fe(SA)3 > FeCl3 ≈ FeCl2. Not only are the metal ions (Fe2+, Fe3+) with adjacent stable oxidation states catalytically active in degrading rubber, but also the counterions have an influence on the effect of oxidation, particularly the stearic anion. Ionic iron materials can decrease the molecular weight, especially for the case of Fe(SA)3 as measured by gel permeation chromatography. Due to the degrading effect on the rubber molecules, Fe(SA)3 brings about a torque decrease in moving die rheometer and evident decrease of the Mooney viscosity at 100°C, which is different from the effects of Fe2O3 and 304L‐Fe. The insoluble iron substances behave more like hard fillers. Additionally, Fe(SA)3 remarkably alters the bound rubber content and the tensile properties after aging via two different process (scission and crosslinking). Overall, this work has a thorough comparison of effect of iron‐containing materials on rubber aging and provides useful inspiration to protect the rubber from deterioration by foreign reagents and regulating the rubber stability and degradation rate via introducing degradative metal ions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different forms of iron substances on the aging properties of carbon‐black filled natural rubber

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…In case of silica, strong interaction among surface –OH groups results in poor dispersion which cannot be overcome even by higher mixing energy. Silane coupling agents (SCAs) aid to disperse silica in a rubber matrix through physi-sorption and chemi-sorption mechanisms [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Physico-Mechanical Threshold of α-Cellulose as Filler in an E-SBR Composite

et al. 2021

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In the current context of green mobility and sustainability, the use of new generation natural fillers, namely, α-cellulose, has gained significant recognition. The presence of hydroxyl groups on α-cellulose has generated immense eagerness to map its potency as filler in an elastomeric composite. In the present work, α-cellulose-emulsion-grade styrene butadiene rubber (E-SBR) composite is prepared by conventional rubber processing method by using variable proportions of α-cellulose (1 to 40 phr) to assess its reinforce ability. Rheological, physical, visco-elastic and dynamic-mechanical behavior have clearly established that 10 phr loading of α-cellulose can be considered as an optimized dosage in terms of performance parameters. Morphological characterization with the aid of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) also substantiated that composite with 10 phr loading of α-cellulose has achieved the morphological threshold. With this background, synthetic filler (silica) is substituted by green filler (α-cellulose) in an E-SBR-based composite. Characterization of the compound has clearly established the reinforcement ability of α-cellulose.

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“…[ 13,16 ] Above mentioned both system are also used jointly for better adhesion bonding and durability. [ 17‐18 ] It is assumed behind the adhesion improvement and protection by cobalt salts that the accelerator‐sulfur complex formed during vulcanization, reacts with it and forms a cobalt complex. [ 3 ]

italicAcc - S_{x} - italicAcc + italicCo X_{2} \to italicCo - S_{y} - X_{2} + italicAcc - S_{x - y} - italicAcc

where Acc is accelerator, S is elemental sulfur, x and y are no.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13,16] Above mentioned both system are also used jointly for better adhesion bonding and durability. [17][18] It is assumed behind the adhesion improvement and protection by cobalt salts that the accelerator-sulfur complex formed during vulcanization, reacts with it and forms a cobalt complex. [3] Acc…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives of resorcinol in carbon black filled belt skim compound: A sustainable approach to make tire

Kumawat

Chanda

Das

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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As per global trends, new legislation, regulations, and restrictions on the use of hazardous materials with respect to environmental concerns, it has become necessary to eliminate resorcinol from the rubber compound as it was generating carcinogenic fumes during processing at high temperature. In this research, two non‐hazardous phenolic resins [A] and [B] were explored, in place of resorcinol, in a typical PCR tire belt skim compound. The entire study includes three phases. In Phase I, resorcinol was substituted with both the resins and it was revealed that they have potential to function as resorcinol in rubber‐brass bonding mechanism with few limitations, primarily as low cure rate. In Phase II, it was adjusted by incorporating TBBS as an additional accelerator but an abrupt loss in extent of adhesion retention was noticed for aged samples. It leads to further investigation in Phase II compositions. In Phase III, a little amount of precipitated silica was formulated, which results into a significant revival of adhesion retention. Eventually, both the compounds were showing faster vulcanizing characteristics, improved aged and un‐aged properties, higher dynamic stiffness, and lower hysteresis. Compound [B] showed best performance in all the properties except fatigue crack growth rate in low strain percentage.

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Impact of adhesive ingredients on adhesion between rubber and brass‐plated steel wire in tire

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

The effect of different forms of iron substances on the aging properties of carbon‐black filled natural rubber

The effect of different forms of iron substances on the aging properties of carbon‐black filled natural rubber

Morphology and Physico-Mechanical Threshold of α-Cellulose as Filler in an E-SBR Composite

Alternatives of resorcinol in carbon black filled belt skim compound: A sustainable approach to make tire

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