Morphology and Physico-Mechanical Threshold of α-Cellulose as Filler in an E-SBR Composite

Chowdhury, Soumya Ghosh; Chanda, Jagannath; Ghosh, Subrata; Pal, Abhijit; Ghosh, Prasenjit; Bhattacharyya, Somak; Mukhopadhyay, R.; Banerjee, Shib Shankar; Das, Amit

doi:10.3390/molecules26030694

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Adsorption of the ZnO activator on the surface of cellulose nanofiber by forming a hydroxyl group‐metal oxide complex also increased the scorch safety of the nanocomposite than the unfilled control compound. [ 35 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation on Moringa oleifera fruit (drumstick)‐derived cellulose micro and nanofiber reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composites

et al. 2023

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The current focus in the elastomer industry is to look for biobased or natural filler for various compounds. The reinforcing effect of waste drumstick-derived cellulose micro and nanofiber in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was investigated for the very first time. Cellulose microfibers and nanofibers were isolated from the drumstick fruit peel and characterized using different techniques such as x-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The filler-polymer interaction in the composites was studied using the bound rubber measurements, which showed that the bound rubber content of the composite increased from 0.5% to 8.1% at 5 phr cellulose nanofiber loading. The tensile strength and modulus of the modified cellulose microfiber-containing composite were higher than both the unfilled SBR and the raw fiber-SBR composites. The addition of 5 phr nanofiber to SBR showed a 46% increment of the tensile strength than the control compound. The die swell index of the cellulose fiber reinforced composites came down attesting the better processability of the extrudates. The addition of cellulose fiber also improved the wet skid resistance of the composites as seen from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Hence, this work confirms the application of modified drumstick microfibers and nanofibers as sustainable fillers for high-performance elastomers composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation on Moringa oleifera fruit (drumstick)‐derived cellulose micro and nanofiber reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composites

et al. 2023

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“…Surficial acidic –OH groups tend to adsorb basic accelerators which subsequently lowers the ability to form zinc complex intermediate and slower down the vulcanization process. [ 10 ] But here the presence of polar epoxide group and its match with –OH groups of lignin have improved the reaction rate. In addition to this, double bond activation by the epoxide group results in the formation of more activated cross‐link pre‐cursors which also aid to accelerate the vulcanization reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formulation of NR as well as ENR composites are expressed as parts per hundred of rubber (phr) is as follows: zinc oxide (5), stearic acid (2), 50% CB extended silane coupling agent (10), and lignin (50).…”

Section: Compound Formulation and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tear fatigue behavior of lignin‐based sustainable rubber composites

Chowdhury

Ghosh

Chanda

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Rubber products, especially tire, experiences millions of fatigue cycles during their service life. In this period, penetration or cuts owing to any sharp objects brings calamitous failure. Thus, the fatigue crack growth (FCG) characteristic of tire components has become an important parameter to inspect. In the present study, the FCG behavior of sustainable filler, lignin‐filled composite is investigated. The impact of rubber matrix (epoxidation of natural rubber) on crack growth behavior is scrutinized in this article. Epoxy group introduction in natural rubber leads to a significant change in tearing energy throughout the strain range (10%–25%). Higher mol% of the epoxy group brings in a lower crack growth rate. An increase in polar interaction amongst the matrix through epoxide—hydroxyl functionality contributes significantly to the FCG rate. Inter‐molecular interaction promotes higher cross‐link density in epoxidized natural rubber containing composites which are reflected in static as well as dynamic‐mechanical properties. Morphological evidence (Field‐emission scanning electron microscope [FE‐SEM] and microscopic images) establishes the fact that stiffening at the crack tip, arising from intrinsic strain‐induced crystallization and high‐density network formation in the concerned matrix are the major contributors to the reduction in fatigue crack growth rate of a composite.

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“…On characterization of α-cellulose, we observed the comparable results. [33][34][35][36][37][38] FTIR spectroscopy with different characteristic absorption bands was used to identify the structure and the functional groups present in α-cellulose. [36] Figure 2B presents FTIR spectra of α-cellulose.…”

Section: Characterization Of α-Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of α‐cellulose as a green filler on physico‐mechanical properties of a solution grade styrene‐butadiene rubber based tire‐tread compound

Pal

Chowdhury

Mondal

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Physico-mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of typical solution grade styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (PBR) based tiretread compound were investigated by partially replacing highly dispersible (HD) silica with naturally occurring α-cellulose. Fourier transform infrared spectrum detected abundance of hydroxyl group in α-cellulose, which has created keenness to investigate its reinforcement characteristics in an S-SBR and PBR based compound. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were employed to investigate the microstructure and dispersion of α-cellulose at higher magnification. Thermo-gravimetric analysis was performed to understand the degradation behavior of α-cellulose. Differential scanning calorimeter was engaged to detect phase transition and degree of purity of α-cellulose. An increase in cure rate was observed with partial replacement of HD silica by α-cellulose. The cure rate index was increased by 13% over control one at 10% replacement of silica with α-cellulose. It was noticed that at an optimum level of replacement (10%), α-cellulose containing compounds exhibited lower viscoelastic energy dissipation (both loss modulus [E 00 ] and loss tangent [tan δ]) at the slight expense of tensile moduli. Beside these, substitution of silica with α-cellulose found to have no effect on wet grip property of the compounds.

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Morphology and Physico-Mechanical Threshold of α-Cellulose as Filler in an E-SBR Composite

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

An investigation on Moringa oleifera fruit (drumstick)‐derived cellulose micro and nanofiber reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composites

An investigation on Moringa oleifera fruit (drumstick)‐derived cellulose micro and nanofiber reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composites

Tear fatigue behavior of lignin‐based sustainable rubber composites

Impact of α‐cellulose as a green filler on physico‐mechanical properties of a solution grade styrene‐butadiene rubber based tire‐tread compound

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