Impact of age, sex and refractive error on conjunctival and Tenon’s capsule thickness dimensions by swept-source optical coherence tomography in a large population

Fernández‐Vigo, José Ignacio; Shi, Hongcheng; Burgos-Blasco, Bárbara; De‐Pablo‐Gómez‐de‐Liaño, Lucía; Almorín-Fernández-Vigo, I.; Kudsieh, Bachar; Fernández‐Vigo, José Ángel

doi:10.1007/s10792-021-01928-5

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Finally, no differences were observed in CTT between the three groups. In agreement with our results, Fernandez-Vigo et al [21], in a study that included 630 participants, observed no influence by refractive error and AST on the CTT measurements (p > 0.065). Additionally, Read et al [30] found that anterior conjunctival thickness was not significantly associated with AXL in healthy subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The reliability of the AST measurements was assessed by estimating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; two-way mixed effects, absolute agreement and single measurement) for intra-observer and inter-observer agreement. In this analysis, the two eyes of the same patient were included since that previous studies of AST and CTT measurements by AS-OCT showed a positive correlation between the both eyes measurements [ 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, there is little penalty for use of two-eye analysis, even when the inter-eye correlation is zero.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anterior Scleral Thickness and Anterior Segment Biometrics Measured with Swept Source Ocular Coherence Tomography in High Myopic Eyes with and without Glaucoma: A Comparative Study

Kudsieh,

Vega-González,

Bryan

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Background: To assess the anterior scleral thickness (AST), Schlemm’s canal diameter (SCD), trabecular meshwork diameter (TMD) and conjunctiva tenon capsule thickness (CTT) in high myopic (HM) subjects and HM subjects with glaucoma (HMG) compared to control eyes. Methods: One hundred and twenty eyes were included, and AST at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mm from the scleral spur, SCD, TMD and CTT were measured. Results: Mean age was 64.2 ± 11.0 years, and the temporal SCD and temporal TMD were significantly longer in the HMG subjects compared to the controls (380.0 ± 62 μm vs. 316.7 ± 72 μm, p = 0.001) and (637.6 ± 113 μm vs. 512.1 ± 97 μm, p = 0.000), respectively. There were no significant differences between the HM and HMG subjects in SCD and TMD (all p > 0.025). Compared to the HM subjects, the temporal AST0 (432.5 ± 79 μm vs. 532.8 ± 99 μm, p = 0.000), temporal AST1 (383.9 ± 64 μm vs. 460.5 ± 80 μm, p = 0.000), temporal AST2 (404.0 ± 68 μm vs. 464.0 ± 88 μm, p = 0.006) and temporal AST3 (403.0 ± 80 μm vs. 458.1 ± 91 μm, p = 0.014) were significantly thinner in the HMG group. No differences were found between the CTT in the three groups (all p > 0.025). Conclusions: Our data indicate a thinner AST in HMG subjects and no differences in SCD and TMD between HM and HMG subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior Scleral Thickness and Anterior Segment Biometrics Measured with Swept Source Ocular Coherence Tomography in High Myopic Eyes with and without Glaucoma: A Comparative Study

Kudsieh,

Vega-González,

Bryan

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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“…Aging was related to altered and delayed wound healing [ 23 , 24 ]. An in vivo study by swept-source optical coherence tomography showed that conjunctival and Tenon’s capsule thickness decreased with age [ 25 ]. Thinner Tenon’s capsule and less vigorous wound healing in the elderly might lead to better bleb formation and surgical outcomes of XEN implantations and rescue interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with the Efficacy of XEN Gel Implant

Lin,

Wang,

Lee

2024

Ophthalmol Ther

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Introduction Microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) is a growing trend, and XEN gel implant is one of the most effective types of MIGS. This study aimed to examine factors associated with the surgical success of XEN gel implants. Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with glaucoma receiving XEN implantation alone or combined with phacoemulsification (PHACOXEN) with a follow-up period of more than 6 months at Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Taiwan. If intraocular pressure (IOP) elevated above 20 mmHg during the follow-up, needling or open revision was performed. The primary outcome measures included IOP and the number of glaucoma medications. Results Male patients had lower postoperative IOP; male patients and higher preoperative IOP were associated with higher IOP change rates, and older patients had a higher chance of achieving IOP < 18 mmHg and being medication-free at months 12, 24, and 36. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the probability of free-of-rescue intervention over the follow-up period was not different between the XEN alone and the PHACOXEN group ( P = 0.859). Both needling and open revision were effective rescue interventions, but open revision had a higher chance of achieving IOP ≤ 18 mmHg and being medication-free ( P = 0.031) and required less medication afterward ( P = 0.044). Older age ( P = 0.013) and male patients ( P = 0.022) had a lower IOP after rescue interventions. Compared with open revision, needling was associated with higher IOP ( P = 0.048) and more required medications ( P = 0.048). Conclusions XEN alone and PHACOXEN had comparable surgical outcomes, whereas open revision had a better IOP lowering effect than needling as a rescue intervention. Male and older patients had better surgical results in primary XEN implantations and rescue interventions.

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“…One potential explanation could be the age-related increase in tissue laxity and reduction in tenon thickness. 25 , 26 These changes decrease tissue resistance and lead to increased aqueous diffusion over a larger bleb area resulting in reduced bleb height and wall thickness. Another possible explanation may involve age-related alterations in the vascular and lymphatic systems of the conjunctiva, which are responsible for the absorption of drained aqueous humor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Correlated With Mid-Term Morphology of Functional Blebs Following Implantation of Preserflo MicroShunt Using AS-OCT

Hasan,

Theilig,

Lehmann

et al. 2023

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Evaluating bleb morphology is crucial after glaucoma filtering surgery. Advances in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) allow for objective assessment. While various parameters differentiate functional from failed blebs, limited information exists regarding variations within functional blebs. This study aimed to identify factors influencing morphology of functional blebs following implantation of Preserflo MicroShunt. Methods Eyes with functional blebs after Preserflo were retrospectively included. Age, gender, lens status, preoperative intraocular pressure (pre-IOP) and number of glaucoma medications were documented along with biometric measurements as axial length (AL), white-to-white distance, and anterior chamber depth. Postoperative data included time elapsed since surgery (TaS) and postoperative IOP (post-IOP). Bleb dimensions were measured using AS-OCT including maximal bleb height (MBH), width, length (MBL), bleb wall thickness (BWT), and bleb distance to limbus (DtL) along with dimensions of episcleral lake (maximal height, width [MLW], and length). Linear regression models were applied to correlate these parameters with bleb dimensions. Results Included were 50 eyes from 50 patients. Mean IOP decreased from 25.3 ± 10.0 to 11.9 ± 3.0 mm Hg after 278.5 ± 221.9 days after surgery. MBH correlated negatively with age (unstandardized coefficients [uSC] = −0.012) and TaS (uSC = −0.001, P = 0.008 for both). BWT correlated negatively with age (uSC = −0.013, P = 0.02), MBL with AL (uSC = −0.566, P = 0.01) and MLW with pre-IOP (uSC = −0.073, P = 0.02). DtL exhibited a positive correlation with post-IOP (uCS = 0.136, P = 0.02). Conclusions Morphology of functional blebs might be influenced by multiple factors such as age, TaS, AL, and pre- and post-IOP. Translational Relevance Age, time after surgery, axial length, and preoperative and postoperative IOP could affect the morphology of a functional bleb; hence, these factors should be taken into consideration when making treatment decisions.

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Impact of age, sex and refractive error on conjunctival and Tenon’s capsule thickness dimensions by swept-source optical coherence tomography in a large population

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Anterior Scleral Thickness and Anterior Segment Biometrics Measured with Swept Source Ocular Coherence Tomography in High Myopic Eyes with and without Glaucoma: A Comparative Study

Anterior Scleral Thickness and Anterior Segment Biometrics Measured with Swept Source Ocular Coherence Tomography in High Myopic Eyes with and without Glaucoma: A Comparative Study

Factors Associated with the Efficacy of XEN Gel Implant

Factors Correlated With Mid-Term Morphology of Functional Blebs Following Implantation of Preserflo MicroShunt Using AS-OCT

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