Impact of Altitudes and Habitats on Valerenic Acid, Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Tannins, and Antioxidant Activity of Valeriana jatamansi

Abstract

The changes in total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, valerenic acid, and antioxidant activity were assessed in 25 populations of Valeriana jatamansi sampled from 1200 to 2775 m asl and four habitat types of Uttarakhand, West Himalaya. Significant (p< 0.05) variations in total phenolics, flavonoids, valerenic acid, and antioxidant activity in aerial and root portions and across the populations were observed. Antioxidant activity measured by three in vitro antioxidant assays, i.e., 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, showed significant (p < 0.05) differences across the populations. However, no clear pattern was found in phytochemicals across the altitudinal range. Among habitat types, (pine, oak, mixed forest, and grassy land), variation in phytochemical content and antioxidant activity were observed. Equal class ranking, neighbor-joining cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) identified Talwari, Jaberkhet, Manjkhali, and Khirshu populations as promising sources with higher phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. The results recommended that the identified populations with higher value of phytochemicals and antioxidants can be utilized for mass multiplication and breeding program to meet the domestic as well as commercial demand.

Valeriana jatamansi: An herbaceous plant with multiple medicinal uses

“…For example, Kalim, Bhattacharya, Banerjee, and Chattopadhyay () analyzed the antioxidant activity in the root extracts of V. jatamansi using different assays (DPPH free radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical [OH] scavenging, peroxynitrite scavenging activity, nonenzymatic superoxide radical scavenging activity, and nitric oxide scavenging activity) demonstrated that the species possess enormous antioxidant activity (IC 50 values for scavenging DPPH: 86.61; ABTS: 21.26; OH: 37.92, O 2 :78.35; and ONOO − : 943.12 μg/ml). Likewise, antioxidant activity of essential oil and methanol extracts (Thusoo et al, ), essential oil and supercritical CO 2 fluid extracts (Pandian & Nagarajan, ), and aerial and root portions extract of V. jatamansi were also reported (Jugran et al, ). Bhatt et al () evaluated the antioxidant potential of extract and essential oil of wild and planted individuals of V. jatamansi using different in vitro methods and observed that root samples from planted individuals possess significantly higher ( p < 0.05) antioxidant activity (ABTS: 4.87 mg/g; FRAP: 10.18 mg/g ascorbic acid equivalent dry weight).…”

“…12.8 | Anti-inflammatory activity Khuda, Iqbal, Khan, Zakiullah, and Shah (2013) (Thusoo et al, 2014), essential oil and supercritical CO 2 fluid extracts (Pandian & Nagarajan, 2015), and aerial and root portions extract of V. jatamansi were also reported (Jugran et al, 2016). (Rawat et al, 2017).…”

“…| PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS Six phenolic compounds, namely, gallic acid (200), catechin (201), hydroxybenzoic acid (202), caffeic acid (203), chlorogenic acid(204)and p-coumaric acid (205) have been quantified from aerial and root portions of V. jatamansi and suggested that except gallic acid(200), all the phenolic constituents were significantly influenced by the growing condition (wild and planted) and plant portions(Bhatt et al, 2012;Jugran et al, 2016).…”

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“…The presence of valtrate was confirmed in the TL chromatogram of the extract. Thus, the antianxiety and antidepressant activity of V. pyrolaefolia is attributable to the presence of valtrate as it is reported to be the anxiolytic principle of other species of valerian [14][15][16][17] .…”

Geographical and Environmental Variation in Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Properties inRoscoea proceraWall

“…Value of each parameter in populations was classified into five equal classes and a class with higher values was used for prioritization of promising class of population for chemical constituents and antioxidant activity. The classification was performed following method described by Jugran et al 2016. Briefly, the maximum value (a) of each parameter (phytochemical or antioxidant activity) was subtracted from its minimum value (b) and the obtained value (c 5 a 2 b) was divided by 5 (d 5 c/5).…”