Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2010; 92: 131-135 131Correction of the physiological factors contributing to gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is only possible by surgical fundoplication and, since the advent of laparoscopic fundoplication by Dallemagne et al. in 1991, 1 is an increasingly attractive option for patients due to low morbidity and greatly reduced length of hospital stay. As a result, laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) has become the gold standard in the surgical treatment of GORD. Lundell et al. 2 reported a 7-year follow-up comparing results in patients randomised to proton-pump inhibition or open antireflux surgery, and surgery was shown to be more effective at controlling overall disease symptoms, but post-fundoplication complaints were problematic.Failure rates of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication vary from 2% to 30%, 3-7 depending on the definition of 'failure'. Both patients and clinicians may interpret resumption of medical treatment as failure, but the majority of patients taking antireflux medication are taking it for atypical or non-reflux related symptoms.7-9 An anatomical explanation for failed reflux surgery can often be found, such as breakdown of the fundoplication, an over-tight wrap, intrathoracic herniation of the wrap or telescoping of the lower oesophageal sphincter through the wrap. [10][11][12] In a series of 307 re-do fundoplications, Smith et al. 6 found that fundoplication herniation was the most common mechanism of failure. Symptomatic patients with objective evidence of failure of LARS can be offered re-do surgery: several studies have demonstrated that this can be safely undertaken laparoscopically.6,13-16 Donkervoort et al. 17 studied anatomical wrap position and the outcome following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and, 2 years' postoperatively, found that the anatomical repair failed in 27% using 'strict' criteria A degree of anatomical failure is common, and the most common failure is intrathoracic wrap herniation. We have assessed anatomical integrity of the crural repair and wrap using marking Liga clips placed at the time of surgery and compared this with symptomatic outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective study was undertaken on 50 patients who underwent LARS in a single centre over a 3-year period. Each had an X-ray on the first postoperative day and a barium swallow at 6 months at which the distance was measured between the marking Liga clips. An increase in interclip distance of > 25-49% was deemed 'mild separation', and an increase of > 50% 'moderate separation'. Patients completed a standardised symptom questionnaire at 6 months. RESULTS At 6 months' postoperatively, 22% had mild separation of the crural repair with a mean Visick score of 1.18, and 54% had moderate separation with a mean Visick score of 1.26. Mild separation of the wrap occurred in 28% with a mean Visick score of 1.21 and 22% moderate separation with a mean Visick score of 1.18. Three percent had mild separation of both the crural repair and wrap with a mean Visick score of 1.0, ...