Impact of aqueous doash extract on urinary mutagenicity in rats exposed to heterocyclic amines

Abstract

Doash (Origanum majorana) is an herbaceous plant found commonly in Saudi Arabia. It is used as a food flavor and a folk remedy to treat a number of diseases. The 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) are the most abundant of the heterocyclic amine carcinogens present in cooked food. In the present study, the potential of doash tea to influence carcinogen metabolism was investigated indirectly using heterocyclic amines as model mutagens, IQ and PhIP. Results obtained showed that doash tea had no influence on body weight in both the studies. Rats were treated with different doses of IQ (1, 3, 5 and 10 mg/kg) or PhIP (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). The selected dosage was 5 mg/kg for both heterocyclic amines. Results obtained revealed that rats treated with doash tea and given a single dose of the heterocyclic amines, whether for 1 day (short-term) or for 1 month (long term), showed a statistically significant decrease in their excretion of indirect mutagens (IQ or PhIP). Following treatment of the rats with a single oral dose of IQ or PhIP, the highest mutagenic activity determined in the presence of an activation system was excreted in the urine after 24 h, with much lower levels of mutagencity being excreted during subsequent elimination from the body. No mutagenicity was observed in the absence of an activation system that is direct-acting mutagenicity using (IQ and PhIP). Statistical analysis revealed that, in comparison with the control group, the aqueous doash extract significantly reduced the mutagenic response after 24 h. It was concluded that doash extract significantly decreased the excretion of mutagens in comparison with the control group (water only).

Origanum majoranaEssential Oil Lacks Mutagenic Activity in theSalmonella/Microsome and Micronucleus Assays

“…Indeed, Khan et al [12] proposed that reducing the availability of the genotoxic metabolites of chemical carcinogens from the body, by forming more water soluble conjugates, will consequently decrease the chance of an interaction with DNA through adduct formation that may lead to cancer.…”

“…O. majorana essential oil was also able to partially prevent the ethanol-induced decline in sperm quality, testosterone levels, and the weight of reproductive organs in male rats [2]. Previous studies have reported the potential use of O. majorana ethanolic extract as anticancer agent [10, 11], whereas the tea extract has been shown to have immunostimulant, antigenotoxic and antimutagenic properties [3, 12]. These activities are attributed to the chemical composition, which is characterized as rich in flavonoids and terpenoids [13].…”

Alterations in the nigrostriatal dopamine system after acute systemic PhIP exposure

“…The doses utilized in our study were chosen from extensive published cancer bioassays, where in vivo genotoxicity has been extensively studied as adverse outcomes. An extensive review of the literature (more than 70 studies examined; condensed citation list reported here), found that in rodents, the typical dose of PhIP administered via gavage in rats ranged from 5 to 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) daily, while the frequency might vary from a single dose to every other day for 10 weeks (Hikosaka et al , 2004; Inaguma et al , 2003; Khan et al , 2013; Naito et al , 2004). To examine acute toxicity of PhIP, we chose two doses: 100 and 200 mg/kg bw.…”

Evaluation of larvicidal potential against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil obtained from the leaves of Origanum majorana L.

“…Previous studies have reported the potential use of the O . majorana ethanolic extract as an anticancer agent [ 22 , 23 ], while the tea extract has been shown to have immunostimulating, antigenotoxic and antimutagenic properties [ 24 , 25 ]. These activities are attributed to the chemical composition, characterized as rich in flavonoids and terpenoids [ 26 ].…”