Impact of balsam fir foliage age on sixth-instar spruce budworm growth, development, and food utilization

Carisey, Nathalie; Bauce, Éric

doi:10.1139/x97-002

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…C. fumiferana larvae feed on foliage of balsam fir, Abies balsamea, of varying nutritional quality. During outbreaks, high quality current-year foliage of the upper crown may become depleted and larvae must feed on either one-year-old foliage or lower crown foliage which are of suboptimal quality [22], [23]. C. fumiferana outbreaks usually last between five to eight years [24], as a result outbreaking populations need to develop and successfully reproduce under nutritional stress for several successive generations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-History Consequences of Chronic Nutritional Stress in an Outbreaking Insect Defoliator

Frago

Bauce

2014

PLoS ONE

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Food shortage is a common situation in nature but little is known about the strategies animals use to overcome it. This lack of knowledge is especially true for outbreaking insects, which commonly experience nutritional stress for several successive generations when they reach high population densities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the life history consequences of chronic nutritional stress in the outbreaking moth Choristoneura fumiferana. Larvae were reared on two different artificial diets that emulate nutritional conditions larvae face during their natural population density cycle (low and medium quality artificial diets). After four generations, a subset of larvae was fed on the same diet as their parents, and another on the opposite diet. We explored larval life-history strategies to cope with nutritional stress, its associated costs and the influence of nutritional conditions experienced in the parental generation. We found no evidence of nutritional stress in the parental generation increasing offspring ability to feed on low quality diet, but the contrary: compared to offspring from parents that were fed a medium quality diet, larvae from parents fed a low quality diet had increased mortality, reduced growth rate and reduced female reproductive output. Our results support a simple stress hypothesis because the negative effects of malnutrition accumulated over successive generations. Density-dependent deterioration in plant quality is thought to be an important factor governing the population dynamics of outbreaking insects and we hypothesize that chronic nutritional stress can be a driver of outbreak declines of C. fumiferana, and of forest insects in general.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-History Consequences of Chronic Nutritional Stress in an Outbreaking Insect Defoliator

Frago

Bauce

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Our results showed that these three monoterpenes, when tested individually, reduced neither growth nor the efficiency of food conversion. This demonstrates that the reductions observed in the work of Carisey & Bauce (1997a) were probably due to a lack of water or nutritional imbalance within the old foliage. We know that factors such as nitrogen or soluble sugar levels may be important in the compensatory mechanism employed by insects to deal with secondary compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…1 -Monoterpenes concentrations measured in A. balsamea foliage and doses used in the experiment. (a) sources: Bauce et al 1994, Bauce 1996, Carisey & Bauce 1997a, 1997b, 1997c. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a single strategy is not sufficient to confront and counteract the other monoterpenes present in the foliage. Carisey & Bauce (1997a) tried to explain the lower efficiency of food conversion and reduced RGR of spruce budworm that were fed on old balsam fir foliage, which they attributed to a lack of water, to nutritional unbalances, and to a high level of some monoterpenes such as bornyl acetate, terpinolene and camphene. Our results showed that these three monoterpenes, when tested individually, reduced neither growth nor the efficiency of food conversion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal monoterpenes that are produced by host tree foliage and their concentrations have been determined in several previous studies (Bauce et al 1994, Bauce 1996, Carisey & Bauce 1997a, 1997b, 1997c, Kumbasli et al 2011. Based on these data, six monoterpenes (α-pinene, bornyl acetate, camphene, δ-3-carene, terpinolene, tricyclene -Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI, USA) were tested at different concentrations (Tab.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spruce budworm biological and nutritional performance responses to varying levels of monoterpenes

Kumbaşlı¹,

Bauce²

2013

iForest

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Advantages of a mixed diet: feeding on several foliar age classes increases the performance of a specialist insect herbivore

et al. 2003

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Two field studies were carried out to determine the influence of Abies balsamea foliage age on the preference and performance of larvae of Neodiprion abietis, a specialist Diprionid sawfly. Preference was determined by examining N. abietis defoliation on all age classes of foliage. Performance was estimated using larval survival, cocoon weights and the percentage of adults that were females. Neodiprion abietis preference for, and performance on, current-year foliage was very low, peaked on 2 or 3-year-old foliage, and declined on older foliage. Thus, sawfly feeding preference was adaptive. However, survival and cocoon weight were highest when sawflies were allowed to feed on all age classes of foliage, demonstrating that an insect specialist may perform better when feeding on several age classes of foliage from a single host plant species. These results indicate that either different larval instars have different nutritional requirements, or that food mixing provides the best diet, permitting the herbivore to obtain needed nutrients while avoiding ingestion of toxic doses of secondary metabolites. In addition, our results suggest that limited availability of varied foliage has more negative consequences for N. abietis females than for males, as the percentage of survivors that were females decreased when juvenile mortality was high. Our results emphasize the importance of considering non-linear changes in foliar quality as leaves age on herbivore preference and performance, and demonstrate how a herbivore can use this variability to maximize its fitness.

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Impact of balsam fir foliage age on sixth-instar spruce budworm growth, development, and food utilization

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

Life-History Consequences of Chronic Nutritional Stress in an Outbreaking Insect Defoliator

Life-History Consequences of Chronic Nutritional Stress in an Outbreaking Insect Defoliator

Spruce budworm biological and nutritional performance responses to varying levels of monoterpenes

Advantages of a mixed diet: feeding on several foliar age classes increases the performance of a specialist insect herbivore

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