Impact of caloric restriction on AMPK and endoplasmic reticulum stress in peripheral tissues and circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Zucker rats

ER stress and inflammation crosstalk in obesity

“…Martín and colleagues demonstrated that moderate CR mitigated ER stress and promoted AMPK phosphorylation and activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and peripheral tissues from obese rats. Besides, these authors found that CR downregulated the expression of ER stress elements such as EIF2AK3 , EIF2S1 , XBP1 , DDIT3 , and CASP3 119 . This finding suggests that moderate CR should be helpful in the alleviation of ER stress in obese states.…”

“…Besides, these authors found that CR downregulated the expression of ER stress elements such as EIF2AK3, EIF2S1, XBP1, DDIT3, and CASP3. 119 This finding suggests that moderate CR should be helpful in the alleviation of ER stress in obese states. Moreover, it was revealed that CR overtly augmented glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the liver through downregulation of ER stress protein markers (PERK, IRE1) and reduction of MAPK8 phosphorylation, resulting in suppression of IRS1 phosphorylation and activation in ob/ob mice.…”

Phosphorylated YBX2 is stabilized to promote glycolysis in brown adipocytes

“… 18 , 19 In this manuscript, we found that phosphorylated YBX2 by AMPK or Akt increased its protein stability and further facilitated glycolysis in response to β-adrenergic signaling. Adipocyte AMPK is activated responding to exercise as well as caloric restriction, 20 , 21 and both exercise or caloric restriction promote adipocyte thermogenesis. 22 , 23 It is possible that phosphorylated YBX2 by AMPK participates in the exercise and caloric restriction-induced adaptive thermogenesis and glycolysis as well.…”

Caloric restriction reduces the pro-inflammatory eicosanoid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid to protect from acute kidney injury

“…Importantly, this involves pathways previously shown to be central to AKI including CR-mediated effects on mitochondria, 29 cell death pathways, 103,104 and endoplasmatic reticulum stress. 105,106 Besides, and not surprisingly for a dietary intervention, fatty acid metabolism-a key metabolic player in AKI 9 -is altered by CR, and this effect appears to be counteracted on the level of protein expression by 20-HETE. Interestingly, we also found 3 proteins that had previously not been implicated in the context of AKI in the clusters with reversed regulation by 20-HETE.…”