Impact of Chloropicrin on Nutsedge Emergence through Polyethylene Mulch

BACKGROUND Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is used as a preplant soil fumigant for weed and soilborne pathogen control in plasticulture vegetable crops. The objective of this research was to determine the control efficacy of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation of DMDS or DMDS + chloropicrin (Pic) on weed and Fusarium wilt in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plasticulture. RESULTS The effective DMDS rates required to provide 50% (ER50) control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) were 210 and 340 kg ha−1 at 4 weeks after fumigation (WAF) in fall 2017 and fall 2018, respectively, while these values increased to 348 and >467 kg ha−1, respectively, at 12 WAF. The ER50 values of DMDS + Pic were 150 and 240 kg ha−1 at 4 WAF in fall 2017 and fall 2018, respectively, while these values increased to 255 and 450 kg ha−1, respectively, at 12 WAF. DMDS + Pic was generally more effective than DMDS for C. rotundus control. The high rates of DMDS or DMDS + Pic provided adequate C. rotundus control in early season but failed to provide effective control by season end. In addition, DMDS + Pic injections through drip tape effectively reduced Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculum while DMDS alone was generally ineffective. CONCLUSION Injection of the EC formulation of DMDS or DMDS + Pic through drip tape should have been provided a viable option for C. rotundus and Fusarium wilt control in plastic‐mulched tomato. However, supplemental weed management actions, such as herbicide applications, may be required to achieve season‐long control. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

“…Sprouting, but Pic rate >280 kg ha −1 resulted in similar Cyperus spp. population density compared to the nonfumigated control . Locascio and Dickson observed that Cyperus spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous research has clearly demonstrated that Pic alone is ineffective for Cyperus spp. control . Santos et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…control . Pic has excellent fungicidal activity but is generally less effective on nematodes and weeds …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pest control with drip‐applied dimethyl disulfide and chloropicrin in plastic‐mulched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Sharpe

Vallad

et al. 2019

“…Under field conditions, Pic at rates ranging from 119 to 206 kg ha −1 can stimulate the Cyperus spp. tuber sprouting . As a result, the addition of Pic may improve the efficacy of the other fumigant in the combination for controlling Cyperus spp .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a preplant soil fumigant in Florida strawberry production

Baggio

Boyd

et al. 2019

BACKGROUND Ethanedinitrile (EDN) has shown promising efficacy against weeds, plant‐parasitic nematodes and soil‐borne pathogens. Field experiments were conducted for three strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa D.) seasons in Balm and Dover, FL, USA to evaluate the control efficacy of EDN applied through drip tape on various weed species and the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot of strawberry. RESULTS Results revealed that 224, 336, 448 or 560 kg ha−1 EDN, and 104 kg ha−1 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) + 176 kg ha−1 chloropicrin (Pic) applied through drip tapes under totally impermeable film were safe for strawberry production, with no adverse effect on strawberry growth and yield. EDN rates at 224, 336, 448 and 560 kg ha−1 were highly efficacious and equally effective in reducing purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in two of three growing seasons. Compared with the efficacy on purple nutsedge, the evaluated EDN rates were generally less effective on various broadleaf and grass weeds emerging on the bare ground and planting holes, but at 560 kg ha−1 consistently exhibited similar levels of control as 1,3‐D + Pic. For M. phaseolina, the evaluated EDN rates were more efficacious than 1,3‐D + Pic and significantly reduced inoculum buried in different bed locations in plastic‐mulched beds. CONCLUSION EDN has potential to be an efficacious tool for soil disinfestation and weed control in plasticulture strawberry production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Tomato tolerance and pest control following fumigation with different ratios of dimethyl disulfide and chloropicrin

Land

Vallad

et al. 2018

BACKGROUND: The phaseout of methyl bromide (MeBr) continues to stimulate research into the use of other soil fumigants for controlling soil-borne diseases and weeds. This research evaluated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tolerance, weed emergence and the recovery of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculum following fumigation with various combination ratios of dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin (DMDS + Pic). RESULTS: On its own, DMDS did not effectively control purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) compared with DMDS + Pic. Control of C. rotundus and fusarium wilt increased with Pic based on weed emergence throughout the growing season and FOL inoculum recovery from soil. In all three growing seasons, 159 kg ha −1 DMDS + 379 kg ha −1 Pic provided season-long control of C. rotundus. CONCLUSION: This research confirms that formulating DMDS + Pic containing a high percentage of Pic offers an effective alternative to MeBr for tomato production.