Impact of coastal upwelling dynamics on the pCO2 variability in the southeastern Arabian Sea

Ghosh, Jayashree; Chakraborty, Kunal; Bhattacharya, Trishneeta; Valsala, Vinu; Baduru, Balaji

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102785

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the stratification plays a significant role in controlling surface pCO 2 variability in response to the perturbation caused by TCs. Unlike these episodic events, a study on the impact of coastal upwelling dynamics on the surface ocean pCO 2 in the southeastern AS during the southwest monsoon revealed that upwelling‐driven physical changes dominate over the changes driven by the biological processes in inducing surface ocean pCO 2 variability (Ghosh et al., 2022). In contrast, it has previously been noticed that upwelling in regions like the southernmost tip of the BoB also leads to strong pCO 2 variability which is dominantly controlled by biological processes rather than upwelling‐driven physical dynamics (Chakraborty, Valsala, et al., 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Surface Ocean pCO₂ to Tropical Cyclones in Two Contrasting Basins of the Northern Indian Ocean

et al. 2023

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Although situated on the same geographical latitude, the two ocean basins (the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS)) of the northern Indian Ocean (NIO) experience diverse met-ocean conditions. These ocean basins are the warmest world oceans exhibiting high sea surface temperatures (SST) year-round. Conducive SST, its gradient and coupled interactions of vertical wind shear, absolute vorticity, relative humidity, and potential intensity lead to NIO being host to 7%-10% of all the tropical cyclones (TCs) in the world (Gray, 1979(Gray, , 1998. However, compared to the AS, the BoB witnesses more cyclones, a majority of which propagate in the west-northwest/north-northwest direction (Evan & Camargo 2011;Mohanty 1994). The National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP) report of India states that during 1891-2000 nearly 308 TCs (out of which 103 were severe) affected the east coast of India. In contrast, only 48 TCs affected the west coast (of which 24 were severe) within the same period. Cyclones in BoB are known to be stronger and more destructive than those in AS (Singh Abstract This study examines the impact of two very severe tropical cyclonic events, Phailin (over the Bay of Bengal) and Ockhi (over the Arabian Sea), on surface ocean pCO 2 and the associated changes in the upper ocean structure using a coupled biogeochemical ROMS model. The primary productivity averaged over the mixed layer is increased from 6.9 to 12.0 (7.2-45.6) mgCm − 3 d −1 in response to Phailin (Ockhi). A decomposition analysis reveals that the mean contribution of temperature-driven changes in inducing pCO 2 variability in response to pre-and post-cyclonic conditions, in case of Phailin (Ockhi), are 5.4 (−8.8) and −7.6 (−58.8) μatm whereas dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) driven changes are 23.6 (19.5) and 27.8 (78.0) μatm. Although salinity and total alkalinity have a relatively lesser control in inducing pCO 2 variability, salinity's response to the post-Phailin conditions is significant owing to strong salinity stratification in the Bay of Bengal. The enhancement of DIC is more in the near-surface waters than its removal by net biological processes resulting in the dominance of cyclone-induced upwelling and associated vertical mixing driven changes over the enhanced biology-driven changes in controlling pCO 2 variability during both cyclones. Despite comparable magnitudes of environmental forcing during both cyclones, the oceanic response to Phailin is comparatively short-lived and subdued due to stronger stratification in the Bay of Bengal. A relatively large ratio of DIC to total alkalinity in the upper layers of Arabian Sea facilitates a higher pCO 2 response to Ockhi. This makes Ockhi a greater source of CO 2 to the atmosphere.Plain Language Summary Tropical cyclones dissipate large amounts of energy into the upper ocean, enhancing vertical mixing under the influence of strong winds. The enrichment of nutrients and carbon due to upwelling of deeper waters enhance pCO 2 levels making a favorable environment for biological pr...

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confidence: 99%

Response of Surface Ocean pCO₂ to Tropical Cyclones in Two Contrasting Basins of the Northern Indian Ocean

et al. 2023

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“…On the one hand, a temperature change can affect the solubility of CO 2 in seawater and the dissociation equilibrium of carbonate; that is, the solubility of CO 2 decreases with the increase in temperature. On the other hand, temperature can affect the metabolic activities of organisms, thereby regulating the inorganic carbon dynamic in seawater [17,60]). As can be seen in Figure 5, unlike for the surface pH T and bottom Ω A , temperature showed a significant linear relationship with pH T , pCO 2 , and Ω A , with all data considered (n = 192), confirming the dominant role of seasonal changes in temperature on these CO 2 parameters (especially the pH T and pCO 2 ).…”

Section: Comparison Of Co 2 Parameters With Other Reefs Around the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, temperature changes can significantly affect the dynamic of the CO 2 system through thermodynamic effects and the regulation of biological metabolic activities, such as photosynthesis and respiration [14,15]. In recent years, many studies have confirmed the dominant role that temperature changes play in the CO 2 system in seawater, especially regarding the control of pH and pCO 2 [16,17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Seasonal Controls of Seawater CO2 Systems in Subtropical Coral Reefs: A Case Study from the Eastern Coast of Shenzhen, China

Yang,

Zhang,

Xie

et al. 2023

Water

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In situ field investigations coupled with coral culture experiments were carried out in the coral reef waters of the eastern coast of Shenzhen, Da’ao Bay (DAB), Dalu Bay (DLB), and Yangmeikeng Sea Area (YMKSA) to study the dynamics of the carbon dioxide (CO2) system in seawater and its controlling factors. The results indicated that the CO2 parameters were highly variable over a range of spatiotemporal scales, forced by various physical and biochemical processes. Comprehensively, DAB acted as a sink for atmospheric CO2 with exchange flux of –1.51 ± 0.31 to 0.27 ± 0.50 mmol C m−2 d−1, while DLB and YMKSA acted as a CO2 source with exchange fluxes of –0.42 ± 0.36 to 1.69 ± 0.74 mmol C m−2 d−1 and –0.58 ± 0.48 to 1.69 ± 0.41 mmol C m−2 d−1, respectively. The biological process and mixing effect could be the most important factor for the seasonal variation in total alkalinity (TA). In terms of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), in addition to biological process and mixing, its seasonal variation was affected by air–sea exchange and coral metabolism to some extent. Different from the former, the other CO2 parameters, total scale pH (pHT), partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), and aragonite saturation state (ΩA), were mainly controlled by a combination of the temperature change, biochemical processes, air–sea exchange, and coral metabolism, while water mixing has little effect on them. In addition, our results indicated that coral communities could significantly increase the DIC/TA ratio by reducing the TA concentration and increasing the DIC in the reef waters, which may promote the acidification of local seawater and need attention.

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“…Mesoscale eddies were also shown to have a significant impact on the carbon cycle in the northern Indian Ocean (Sarma et al, 2016(Sarma et al, , 2019Sarma, Krishna, et al, 2021). Additionally, significant improvements in parameterizations of river discharge, monsoon mixing and associated biological response in the high-resolution regional models lead to a better representation of the upper ocean cycle in the regional models (Chakraborty et al, 2018(Chakraborty et al, , 2021Ghosh, Chakraborty, et al, 2022;Ghosh, Sinha, et al, 2022;Valsala et al, 2021). Therefore, eddy-resolving regional models may lead to an improved representation of the carbon cycle in the region.…”

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Air‐Sea Fluxes of CO₂ in the Indian Ocean Between 1985 and 2018: A Synthesis Based on Observation‐Based Surface CO₂, Hindcast and Atmospheric Inversion Models

Sridevi

Metzl

Patra

et al. 2023

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Impact of coastal upwelling dynamics on the pCO2 variability in the southeastern Arabian Sea

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

Response of Surface Ocean pCO₂ to Tropical Cyclones in Two Contrasting Basins of the Northern Indian Ocean

Response of Surface Ocean pCO₂ to Tropical Cyclones in Two Contrasting Basins of the Northern Indian Ocean

Seasonal Controls of Seawater CO2 Systems in Subtropical Coral Reefs: A Case Study from the Eastern Coast of Shenzhen, China

Air‐Sea Fluxes of CO₂ in the Indian Ocean Between 1985 and 2018: A Synthesis Based on Observation‐Based Surface CO₂, Hindcast and Atmospheric Inversion Models

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Impact of coastal upwelling dynamics on the pCO2 variability in the southeastern Arabian Sea

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

Response of Surface Ocean pCO2 to Tropical Cyclones in Two Contrasting Basins of the Northern Indian Ocean

Response of Surface Ocean pCO2 to Tropical Cyclones in Two Contrasting Basins of the Northern Indian Ocean

Seasonal Controls of Seawater CO2 Systems in Subtropical Coral Reefs: A Case Study from the Eastern Coast of Shenzhen, China

Air‐Sea Fluxes of CO2 in the Indian Ocean Between 1985 and 2018: A Synthesis Based on Observation‐Based Surface CO2, Hindcast and Atmospheric Inversion Models

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Response of Surface Ocean pCO₂ to Tropical Cyclones in Two Contrasting Basins of the Northern Indian Ocean

Response of Surface Ocean pCO₂ to Tropical Cyclones in Two Contrasting Basins of the Northern Indian Ocean

Air‐Sea Fluxes of CO₂ in the Indian Ocean Between 1985 and 2018: A Synthesis Based on Observation‐Based Surface CO₂, Hindcast and Atmospheric Inversion Models