Impact of comorbidities on mortality in hospitalized influenza patients with diabetes – Analysis of the Austrian Health Insurance

Abstract

To assess the impact of characteristics and comorbidities on the hospitalization rate and 30-and 90-days all-cause mortality after hospitalization for influenza-related illness (IRI) in individuals with diabetes. Methods: Data of 507,184 individuals with diabetes enrolled in the national Austrian Health Insurance database during 2013-2017 were analyzed. Hospitalization for IRI was defined as per International Classification of Disease 10 codes (J09, J10, J11). All-cause mortality was calculated for 30-and 90-days post-hospitalization.Results: Of the total diabetes population, 1994 (0.4%) were hospitalized for IRI during 2013-2017. The rate of comorbidities was higher in individiuals who were hospitalized due to IRI as compared with the general diabetes population. Overall 30-days cumulative mortality following hospitalization for IRI was 7.9% and 90-days mortality was 10.3%. The risk (adjusted Hazard Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval) of IRI related 90-days mortality increased

Risk mapping of respiratory viral transmission and disease severity using individual and environmental health parameters: A scoping review and protocol analysis

“…Hospitalisation risk due to influenza likely showed a bimodal age pattern, with the largest peak occurring in the highest age group [ 34 , 35 , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] ], and a secondary peak in the youngest age group [ [39] , [40] , [41] ]. For COVID-19, increase of hospitalisation risk with age was observed [ 36 , 44 , 45 ].…”

“…For COVID-19, increase of hospitalisation risk with age was observed [ 36 , 44 , 45 ]. Influenza [ 34 , 42 , 46 ] and COVID-19 [ 36 , 44 , 47 ] mortality risk increased with age. Also, ethnic minority groups like blacks in the American context were associated with increased hospitalisation rates [ 30 , 31 , 37 , 48 ] and mortality [ 37 , 38 , 43 ] risk of both influenza and COVID-19.…”

Burden of influenza in the elderly: a narrative review

“…In the subset of patients hospitalized with or for influenza, a significant increase of mortality is also reported with age [33–35], 70–80% of in-hospital influenza-related deaths being reported among older adults in Western Europe [3 ▪▪ ,34]. Risk factors for influenza-related mortality in the elderly are age and comorbidities (including immunosuppression, chronic cardiovascular and liver diseases) [33,36]. Another major determinant might rely in the functional status, as a daily walking time of at least 1 h has been associated with a lower risk of pneumonia mortality [37 ▪ ,38].…”

“…In the Northern hemisphere, the excess wintertime mortality was largely explained by influenza before the COVID-19 pandemic [32]. In the subset of patients hospitalized with or for influenza, a significant increase of mortality is also reported with age [33][34][35], 70-80% of in-hospital influenza-related deaths being reported among older adults in Western Europe [3 && ,34]. Risk factors for influenza-related mortality in the elderly are age and comorbidities (including immunosuppression, chronic cardiovascular and liver diseases) [33,36].…”

Sex-specific switching of responsive immune pathways in vaccinated diabetic murine model exposed to influenza infection

“…Studies have shown the increased susceptibility of the diabetic patients to severe infection due to impaired immune response 26,27 . Many recent studies reported diabetes-associated immune pathology with increased disease severity, and mortality in in uenza infection [28][29][30][31] . Although studies have attempted to address the issue, nevertheless the puzzle remains unanswered 24 .…”