Impact of Container Nursery Production Practices on Weed Growth and Herbicide Performance

Stewart, Cody J.; Marble, Chris; Pearson, Brian J.

doi:10.21273/hortsci12241-17

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In this study, weeding time was similar between the herbicide treatment and the nontreated by 2 MAT, but reductions in weed weight were observed up until 4 MAT. In Florida, herbicides are typically applied every 8 to 10 weeks (Stewart et al, 2017). This coincides with our data showing that a reduction in weed weight was observed until 4 MAT, that is, a sequential application would have been required before 4 MAT to achieve acceptable control.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

On-farm Evaluations of Wood-derived, Waste Paper, and Plastic Mulch Materials for Weed Control in Florida Container Nurseries

Marble

Steed

Saha

et al. 2019

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Mulches have been evaluated extensively as a weed management tool in container plant production, but most research has focused on loose-fill wood-derived mulch materials, such as pine bark or wood chips. In this experiment, pine (mixed Pinus sp.) bark (PB), shredded hardwood (HW), and pine sawdust were evaluated for weed control and crop response both alone and in combination with a guar gum tackifier alongside a plastic film mulch, a paper slurry mulch, and the paper slurry mulch + PB and compared with a nonmulched, nontreated control and a single application of preemergence herbicide (oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin). Mulch materials were applied to nursery containers ranging from 7 to 25 gal at two different nurseries and at two research centers in central Florida in 2017 and 2018. Results showed that the plastic mulch provided more than a 90% reduction in hand weeding time and weed weight over a 6-month period, and similar control was achieved with PB, paper slurry + PB, and the HW treatment (64% to 91% reduction in weeding time and weed weight). No growth differences were observed with any mulch treatment in any species evaluated including ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum), Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia), or podocarpus (Podocarpus macrophyllum).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

On-farm Evaluations of Wood-derived, Waste Paper, and Plastic Mulch Materials for Weed Control in Florida Container Nurseries

Marble

Steed

Saha

et al. 2019

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“…PRE herbicides are the most effective and economical means of weed control, but may still be cost prohibitive for smaller operations. A 20-ha nursery may spend $83,000 per year in for PRE herbicides, not including costs for labor required for application (Stewart et al 2017). While approximately 25 different herbicidal products are labeled for use in ornamentals (Neal et al 2017), only five mechanisms of action are commonly used; thus, it is difficult to develop effective rotations that provide a high degree of crop safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the cost of hand weeding and challenges associated with PRE herbicides, growers and researchers have investigated use of various nonchemical tools for weed control, including organic mulch such as pine bark (Cochran et al 2009;Richardson et al 2008;Wilen et al 1999), rice hulls (Case et al 2005), and weed disks or similar products that are secured on the container medium surface (Amoroso et al 2009;Chong 2003;Mathers 2003). All of these methods have been found to be as or more effective than a single herbicide application, but cost and availability often prohibit widescale adoption (Stewart et al 2017). Other disadvantages associated with these materials, such as their being prone to blowing out of containers and being lost when pots blow over during high winds, further limit adoption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizer placement affects growth and reproduction of three common weed species in pine bark–based soilless nursery substrates

et al. 2019

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Weed management in container crops is primarily accomplished through frequent PRE herbicide applications and supplemental hand weeding. However, many ornamental species are sensitive to herbicides, and a significant number of tropical plants, ornamental grasses, and foliage crops have not been screened for herbicide tolerance. As nursery crops are produced in inert substrates that are largely composed of bark or peat, strategic fertilizer placement has the potential to significantly reduce weed growth in container-grown ornamentals. Growth and reproduction of three common container nursery weed species, eclipta [Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.), were evaluated following fertilization via alternative methods, including subdressing or dibbling in comparison with industry standard practices of topdressing or incorporating a controlled-release fertilizer (17-5-11 [8 to 9 mo.]) to each 3.8-L container at 36.5 g per container. Fertilizer placement had little to no effect on germination of Eclipta prostrata or D. sanguinalis, but incorporation increased E. maculata germination by 77% to 183% compared with other placements or a nonfertilized control. Subdressing reduced seed production by 94%, 63%, and 92% for Eclipta prostrata, D. sanguinalis, and E. maculata, respectively, compared with the average number of seeds produced in the conventional placement methods (average of incorporation and topdressing). Dibbling fertilizer resulted in similar decreases in the case of D. sanguinalis and E. maculata, while Eclipta prostrata produced no seeds when fertilizer was dibbled. Similar to reductions observed in reproduction, subdressing fertilizer resulted in biomass decreases of 90%, 81%, and 85% compared with the average biomass of the incorporation and topdressed placements. Results suggest alternative fertilizer placements could be implemented as part of an integrated weed management program in container production to reduce weed growth.

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“…Many non-native and native species (such as spurge or wood sorrel) are routinely reintroduced to landscapes via infested container-grown ornamentals. Almost any weed could become problematic in container nursery production due to high levels of fertilization and irrigation (Stewart et al, 2017). Weeds also may be introduced with mowers and other lawn equipment or wind.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native Weedy Pests of the Deep South

Marble

2018

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By definition, an invasive plant is a non-native or alien species whose introduction causes or may cause economical or environmental harm. Due to well-documented and widespread devastating impacts of invasive plants, all exotic or introduced plant species often are erroneously referred to as invasive or considered detrimental, whereas native plants may be promoted as beneficial. Although invasive plants have been the subject of a great deal of research and discussion, less attention has been placed on native plant species that can become economically important weedy pests under certain scenarios, such as in landscape plantings or agricultural production systems. The objective of this manuscript is to synthesize current literature available on native weedy plants in Florida and other Southern United States (including Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas) and discuss how their biology paired with human activities, preferences, and available management practices cause these species to proliferate and be problematic. Focus is placed on nine important native weeds in residential and commercial landscape plantings, including spurges (Euphorbia spp.), woodsorrels (Oxalis spp.), saw palmetto [Serenoa repens (Bartram) Small], bracken fern [Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn], artillery weed (Pilea microphylla L.), Virginia creeper [Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch], trumpet creeper [Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. Ex Bureau], eastern poison ivy [Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze], and pennyworts/dollarweed (Hydrocotyle spp.). Reasons these species become problematic, including fast growth and reproductive rates, lack of selective management options, and ability to thrive in the landscape environment, also are discussed.

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Impact of Container Nursery Production Practices on Weed Growth and Herbicide Performance

Cited by 17 publications

References 71 publications

On-farm Evaluations of Wood-derived, Waste Paper, and Plastic Mulch Materials for Weed Control in Florida Container Nurseries

On-farm Evaluations of Wood-derived, Waste Paper, and Plastic Mulch Materials for Weed Control in Florida Container Nurseries

Fertilizer placement affects growth and reproduction of three common weed species in pine bark–based soilless nursery substrates

Native Weedy Pests of the Deep South

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