Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on air quality in the Poland, Eastern Europe

Filonchyk, Mikalai; Hurynovich, Volha; Yan, Haowen

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110454

Cited by 107 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The results, reported in Table 1, showed that the lockdown mobility restrictions produced a significant improvement in air quality with average reductions of PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations of about 15%, and higher values of PM reduction were found in the cities commonly most polluted (e.g., 25% of the PM 10 reduction and 27% of the PM 2.5 reduction for Milan; 35% of the PM 10 reduction and and 42% of the PM 2.5 reduction for Turin). This result is consistent with those observed in several studies worldwide, which measured significant reductions in PM pollution during the lockdown [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] As mentioned, one of the main aims of the research was to perform a correlation analysis to verify the hypothesis, according to which the number of certified cases of coronavirus in a day is directly related with the particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations measured several days before. To estimate the most representative number of "days As mentioned, one of the main aims of the research was to perform a correlation analysis to verify the hypothesis, according to which the number of certified cases of coronavirus in a day is directly related with the particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) concentrations measured several days before.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Particulate Matter Short-Term Exposition, Mobility Trips and COVID-19 Diffusion: A Correlation Analyses for the Italian Case Study at Urban Scale

et al. 2021

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The conjecture discussed in this paper was that the daily number of certified cases of COVID-19 is direct correlated to the average particular matter (PM) concentrations observed several days before when the contagions occurred (short-term effect), and this correlation is higher for areas with a higher average seasonal PM concentration, as a measure of prolonged exposure to a polluted environment (long-term effect). Furthermore, the correlations between the daily COVID-19 new cases and the mobility trips and those between the daily PM concentrations and mobility trips were also investigated. Correlation analyses were performed for the application case study consisting in 13 of the main Italian cities, through the national air quality and mobility monitoring systems. Data analyses showed that the mobility restrictions performed during the lockdown produced a significant improvement in air quality with an average PM concentrations reduction of about 15%, with maximum variations ranging between 25% and 42%. Estimation results showed a positive correlation (stronger for the more highly polluted cities) between the daily COVID-19 cases and both the daily PM concentrations and mobility trips measured about three weeks before, when probably the contagion occurred. The obtained results are original, and if confirmed in other studies, it would lay the groundwork for the definition of the main context variables which influenced the COVID-19 spread. The findings highlighted in this research also supported by the evidence in the literature and allow concluding that PM concentrations and mobility habits could be considered as potential early indicators of COVID-19 circulation in outdoor environments. However, the obtained results pose significant ethical questions about the proper urban and transportation planning; the most polluted cities have not only worst welfare for their citizens but, as highlighted in this research, could lead to a likely greater spread of current and future respiratory and/or pulmonary health emergencies. The lesson to be learned by this global pandemic will help planners to better preserve the air quality of our cities in the post-COVID-19 era.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Particulate Matter Short-Term Exposition, Mobility Trips and COVID-19 Diffusion: A Correlation Analyses for the Italian Case Study at Urban Scale

et al. 2021

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“…Restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 reduced the concentration of PM 2.5 in major Polish cities, however, it still remained above the levels recommended by WHO [ 76 ]. Globally, the effect of reduced mobility on PM 2.5 was smaller than expected and probably short-term, because of the relatively small contribution of road traffic to primary PM 2.5 and the large contribution from secondary precursors of PM [ 77 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Effects of Particulate Matter Pollution and Meteorological Variables on the Risk of Influenza-Like Illness

Toczyłowski

Wietlicka-Piszcz

Grabowska

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The cold season is usually accompanied by an increased incidence of respiratory infections and increased air pollution from combustion sources. As we are facing growing numbers of COVID-19 cases caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, an understanding of the impact of air pollutants and meteorological variables on the incidence of respiratory infections is crucial. The incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) can be used as a close proxy for the circulation of influenza viruses. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 has also been detected in patients with ILI. Using distributed lag nonlinear models, we analyzed the association between ILI, meteorological variables and particulate matter concentration in Bialystok, Poland, from 2013–2019. We found an exponential relationship between cumulative PM2.5 pollution and the incidence of ILI, which remained significant after adjusting for air temperatures and a long-term trend. Pollution had the greatest effect during the same week, but the risk of ILI was increased for the four following weeks. The risk of ILI was also increased by low air temperatures, low absolute humidity, and high wind speed. Altogether, our results show that all measures implemented to decrease PM2.5 concentrations would be beneficial to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections.

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“…The results confirmed a 30-50% decrease of NO 2 and a 5-15% decrease of PMs concentrations ranging from 30% to 50% in all Western European countries. In five Polish cities during the lockdown period, the concentration of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , and NO 2 were reduced by 11.1-26.4%, 8.6-33.9%, 18-23%, 10-19%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019 [32]. Different studies confirm that reduced economic activity and traffic restrictions have led to air pollution reduction across China, where NO 2 , PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and CO decreased by 33.1-37.8%, 33.6%, 7.4-21.5%, and 12.7-20.4%, respectively [33,34], preventing environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

COVID-19 and Air Pollution: Measuring Pandemic Impact to Air Quality in Five European Countries

Skirienė

Stasiškienė

2021

Atmosphere

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The rapid spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic affected the economy, trade, transport, health care, social services, and other sectors. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, most countries imposed national lockdowns and social distancing policies. This led to reduced industrial, commercial, and human activities, followed by lower air pollution emissions, which caused air quality improvement. Air pollution monitoring data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) datasets were used to investigate how lockdown policies affected air quality changes in the period before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, comparing to the same periods in 2018 and 2019, along with an assessment of the Index of Production variation impact to air pollution changes during the pandemic in 2020. Analysis results show that industrial and mobility activities were lower in the period of the lockdown along with the reduced selected pollutant NO2, PM2.5, PM10 emissions by approximately 20–40% in 2020.

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Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on air quality in the Poland, Eastern Europe

Cited by 107 publications

References 31 publications

Particulate Matter Short-Term Exposition, Mobility Trips and COVID-19 Diffusion: A Correlation Analyses for the Italian Case Study at Urban Scale

Particulate Matter Short-Term Exposition, Mobility Trips and COVID-19 Diffusion: A Correlation Analyses for the Italian Case Study at Urban Scale

Cumulative Effects of Particulate Matter Pollution and Meteorological Variables on the Risk of Influenza-Like Illness

COVID-19 and Air Pollution: Measuring Pandemic Impact to Air Quality in Five European Countries

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