Impact of COVID-19 on Farm Households in Punjab, Pakistan: Analysis of Data from a Cross-Sectional Survey

Koondhar

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

This study aims to contribute to the literature and examine the causal relationship between Pakistan’s agricultural products export, industrialization, urbanization, transportation, energy consumption, and carbon emissions. For the last four decades, time-series data were used to employ short-run and long-run nexus between the selected variables by analyzing the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The Granger causality test was analyzed to estimate the causality directions. The unit root test results indicate that all the selected variables are stationary at the level and first difference. The bound test confirmed that all variables are cointegrated at a 1% significance level. Long-run estimates suggest that an increase in energy consumption will increase the export of agricultural products. An increase in urbanization, transportation, and carbon emission resulted in a decrease in agricultural products export in Pakistan. In the short run, an increase in industrialization, transportation, and energy consumption leads to an increase in agricultural products export. Increasing urbanization and carbon emission decrease the agricultural products export of Pakistan. Based on our findings, we recommend sustainable agricultural production, renewable energy consumption, low carbon emission technologies, and a green portfolio for sustainable agricultural products export.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic linkage between industrialization, energy consumption, carbon emission, and agricultural products export of Pakistan: an ARDL approach

Koondhar

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

“…This province is bestowed with fertile land, the best irrigation system, and suitable climatic conditions for growing various kinds of fields and horticultural crops. Moreover, the rise in prices of inputs disturbed crop cultivation in the province and the sale of farm products was also adversely affected due to the pandemic [33].…”

Section: Study Area and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining Quality of Life during the Pandemic: Managing Economic, Social, and Health Well-Being Amid the COVID-19 Crisis of Agricultural Entrepreneurs

et al. 2022

Every sphere of life is being impacted by COVID-19, but little is known about how the pandemic is affecting agricultural entrepreneurs’ quality of life in developing nations. Therefore, this study examined how COVID-19 affected agricultural entrepreneurs’ quality of life by utilizing the data collected from 220 females and 1501 males through multistage purposive and random sampling methods. The dataset was analyzed using ordered logistic regression and principal component analysis. The study results indicated that female agricultural entrepreneurs’ quality of life was more adversely affected than that of male agricultural entrepreneurs during COVID-19. The findings also showed that male and female agricultural entrepreneurs with a lower socioeconomic status were more severely impacted than male and female agricultural entrepreneurs with a higher socioeconomic status. More female agricultural entrepreneurs compared to males reported that the pandemic had a negative impact on their mental health. More than two-thirds of both male and female agricultural entrepreneurs reported that the pandemic had a negative impact on their ability to purchase both food and non-food items. Similar to this, a sizable majority of people of both sexes stated that COVID-19 had an impact on their ability to access medical facilities. The results also showed that COVID-19 had a greater impact on married agricultural entrepreneurs’ quality of life than on single people. Therefore, a paradigm shift in agricultural policy is required for the pandemic response to account for COVID-19’s various effects on different genders and socioeconomic groups in rural areas.

“…The adverse impacts of COVID-19 (i.e., job loss and income reduction) lead to food insecurity at the household level (Bundervoet et al, 2022). Thus, the community faced food shortages at home and a reduced supply of food items in the markets (Yamano et al, 2020).…”

Section: Assessment Of Socio-economic Impacts On Householdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The imposition of nationwide lockdown has stopped most nonagricultural economic activities, potentially adversely affecting food supply chains. Therefore, different community sectors faced food shortages at home and a reduced supply of food items in the markets (Yamano et al, 2020). Thus, COVID-19 showed significant negative impacts on the food system in Pakistan (Shahzad et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Households in Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the everyday life of human beings. This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on six socio-economic dimensions (i.e., food availability, food quality, education, finance, non-payment of utility bills, and sale of assets/goods) in Punjab, Pakistan. Three districts were selected from Punjab province based on two criteria such as (a) geographical variability and (b) intensity of COVID-19. Thus, a total of 1200 respondents were interviewed via convenience sampling from selected Punjab districts (i.e., Faisalabad, Muzaffargarh, and Chakwal). Descriptive statistics showed that most respondents face the adverse socio-economic effects of COVID-19. However, the percentage of strongly agree/ agree was comparatively more for low-educated respondents, while it was comparatively less for high-educated respondents. The percentage of strongly agree/agree comparatively more for low-income respondents, while it was comparatively less for high-income respondents. The percentage of strongly agree/agree comparatively more for private job holders while it was comparatively less for public job holders. The percentage of strongly agree/agree comparatively more for urban households, while it was comparatively less for rural households. The percentage of strongly agree/agree comparatively more in Chakwal while it was comparatively less in Faisalabad. The chi-square () independence test showed a significant role of education, family income, job type, and area of residence on the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19. Therefore, it is recommended to increase educational opportunities and educational standards. Developing a Learning Management System is also suggested to continue education in emergencies. It is recommended to increase the family income through an increase in investment and employment opportunities. The protection of private-sector employees is necessary during the pandemic situation. The government should provide interest-free loans to businesses during an emergency. The government should ensure the vaccination of citizens to control the spread and intensity of the disease. Training of doctors and paramedical staff is necessary to perform duties during the pandemic.