Impact of COVID-19 on Water Quality Index of river Yamuna in Himalayan and upper segment: analysis of monsoon and post-monsoon season

Sharma, Shilpi; Gupta, AnuShri

doi:10.1007/s13201-022-01625-3

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…pH, EC, and TDS values were observed relatively similar during LD and PLD periods when compared with other studies. Water quality variables like DO, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Na + showed decreased concentration during lockdown phase followed by an upsurge in unlock phase similar to the results of Haghnazar et al ( 2022 ), Sharma and Gupta ( 2022 ), and Chakraborty et al ( 2021a ). The lesser concentration of toxic metal ions in the study area when compared with other studies internationally, might be due to the variation in the sampling period which was done before the complete operation of the industrial establishments.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Likewise, many studies have tried to quantify the impacts of lockdown on the water systems of the world as well. Dutta et al ( 2020 ), Khan et al ( 2021 ), Muduli et al ( 2021 ), Chakraborty et al ( 2021a ), Chakraborty et al ( 2021b ), Pant et al ( 2021 ), Sharma and Gupta ( 2022 ), and many more had investigated the positive effects of lockdown on different river systems in India. Studies have highlighted that notable improvements in river water quality for prominent rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Damodar, and Gomti were observed during the lockdown period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality and assessment of environmental health in an industrialized belt of southern Western Ghats, India

Aditya

Krishnakumar

AnoopKrishnan

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The COVID-19 pandemic and sudden lockdown have severely hampered the country’s economic growth and socio-cultural activities while imparting a positive effect on the overall fitness of the environment especially air and water resources. Increased urbanization and rapid industrialization have led to rising pollution and deterioration of rivers and associated sectors such as agriculture, domestic and commercial needs. However, various available studies in different parts of the country indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the entire ecosystem. But it is noted that studies are lacking in the southern Western Ghats region of India. Therefore, the present study attempts to investigate how the continuous lockdowns affect the River Water Quality (RWQ) during lockdown (October 2020) and post-lockdown (January 2021) periods in the lower catchments (Eloor-Edayar industrialized belt) of Periyar river, Kerala state, South India. A total of thirty samples (15 samples each) were analyzed based on drinking water quality, irrigational suitability, and multivariate statistical methods to evaluate the physical and chemical status of RWQ. The results of the Water Quality Index (WQI) for assessing the drinking water suitability showed a total of 93% of samples in the excellent and good category during the lockdown, while only 47% of samples were found fit for drinking during the post-lockdown period. Irrigational suitability indices like Mg hazard, KR, PI, SAR, and Wilcox diagram revealed lockdown period samples as more suitable for irrigational activities compared to post-lockdown samples with site-specific changes. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated EC and TDS with a strong positive correlation to Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , TH, SO 4 2− , and Cl − during both periods as well as strong positive correlations within the alkaline earth elements (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ) and alkalis (Na + and K + ). Three significant components were extracted from principal component analysis (PCA), explaining 88.89% and 96.03% of the total variance for lockdown and post-lockdown periods, respectively. Variables like DO, BOD, Ca 2+ , NO 3 − , and Cl − remained in the same component loading during both periods elucidating their natural origin in the basin. The results of health risk assessment based on US EPA represented hazard quotient and hazard index values below the acceptable limit signifying no potential noncarcinogenic risk via oral exposure except As, suggesting children as more vulnerable to the negative effects than adults. Furthermore, this study also shows rejuvenation of river health during lockdown offers ample scope to policymakers, administrators and environmentalists for deriving appropriate plans...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality and assessment of environmental health in an industrialized belt of southern Western Ghats, India

Aditya

Krishnakumar

AnoopKrishnan

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Some studies have also been carried out on surface water quality of coastal regions to study the COVID-19 impact (Robin et al, 2021). The water quality of Yamuna was reported to have improved in other stretches also in some studies (Sharma & Gupta, 2022). The water quality of River Damodar and River Ganga was also studied (Chakraborty S. et al, 2020;Lokhandwala & Gautam, 2020;Chakraborty B. et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Covid-19 on Yamuna River water quality: Possible ways to rejuvenate the riverine ecosystem in national capital of India

N A Khan,

et al. 2023

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The water quality of Yamuna River was studied for four years from 2019 until August 2022. The period witnessed the onset of COVID-19 pandemic and government-imposed complete lockdown which caused slight improvement in the water quality. Five parameters pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Faecal Coliform (FC) monitored by Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) were analyzed to see the changes in water quality of Yamuna River in the Delhi stretch before the onset of COVID-19 (2019), during the COVID-19 (2020 and 2021) and after the pandemic (2022). Maximum improvement in some water quality parameters were observed only during the 1st lockdown in the year 2020 when government had imposed complete restriction on the movement of people and industries were not functioning at there maximum capacity. The water quality again declined in the year 2021 and further in the year 2022. Major cause of pollution was the untreated waste reaching the river from various drains. Therefore, it is extremely important to intersect all the major and minor drains through Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs). The floodplain of the river needs to be managed to keep the pollution in control.

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“…Studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of select freshwater bodies in Asia have been conducted (Sharma and Gupta, 2022;Chakraborty et al, 2021); however, nothing similar has been done for the LdB. In this study, WQI was used to assess the quality of LdB between 2020 and 2021 by using WQI as a comprehensive and easily understandable metric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Index as a tool for assessing the water quality of the Laguna de Bay from 2020 to 2021

Barbaso,

Castro,

Obusan

2023

SciEnggJ

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Laguna de Bay (LdB) is a primary freshwater resource that provides multiple ecosystem services. The Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) oversees the periodic monitoring of LdB’s water quality. Data collected by the LLDA can be used to assess LdB’s status using an easily understandable metric. In this study, Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to assess LdB’s quality based on seven parameters (fecal coliform, nitrate, inorganic phosphate, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and pH) measured and recorded by the LLDA from 2020 to 2021. Data from eight major monitoring stations were used to explore how the seven parameters link the stations as well as to compute the WQIs. The lowest WQIs (excellent quality) were obtained using the data representing the end of 2020 for all eight stations, while the highest WQIs (good - poor quality) were obtained for the data measured towards the end of 2021 for Stations I, II, and XVI. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the stations had relatively similar environmental influences and overall water quality. Station groupings correspond with the computed WQIs. Stations that had unconventional placements in the biplots (Q3-Q4 of 2021 for Stations I and XVI and Q2 of 2021 for Station V, classified as outliers), correspond to the time points where the lowest water quality was noted. Overall, WQI values are concordant with the water and land use type of the stations. WQI is a useful tool for indicating water quality and is valuable in evaluating LdB and other freshwater resources.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Water Quality Index of river Yamuna in Himalayan and upper segment: analysis of monsoon and post-monsoon season

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality and assessment of environmental health in an industrialized belt of southern Western Ghats, India

Influence of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality and assessment of environmental health in an industrialized belt of southern Western Ghats, India

Impact of Covid-19 on Yamuna River water quality: Possible ways to rejuvenate the riverine ecosystem in national capital of India

Water Quality Index as a tool for assessing the water quality of the Laguna de Bay from 2020 to 2021

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