Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative pathogens: A systematic review

Abubakar, Usman; Al-Anazi, Menier; alanazi, Zainab; Rodríguez‐Baño, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.022

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…waves. 27 Currently, the increasing rate of COVID-19-associated MDR bacterial infections is a reality worldwide 36,37 including this study. Finally, in our study, a tenth of CAPA cases was associated to an AMB-resistant Aspergillus isolate and 2.5% associated to itraconazole resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Clinical characteristics, bacterial coinfections and outcomes in COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis in a third‐level Mexican hospital during the COVID‐19 pre‐vaccination era

Hernández‐Silva,

Corzo‐León,

Becerril‐Vargas

et al. 2024

Mycoses

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BackgroundDamage due to respiratory viruses increases the risk of bacterial and fungal coinfections and superinfections. High rates of invasive aspergillosis are seen in severe influenza and COVID‐19. This report describes CAPA cases diagnosed during the first wave in the biggest reference centre for severe COVID‐19 in Mexico.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical, microbiological and radiological characteristics of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with critical COVID‐19, as well as to describe the variables associated with mortality.MethodsThis retrospective study identified CAPA cases among individuals with COVID‐19 and ARDS, hospitalised from 1 March 2020 to 31 March 2021. CAPA was defined according to ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria. Prevalence was estimated. Clinical and microbiological characteristics including bacterial superinfections, antifungal susceptibility testing and outcomes were documented.ResultsPossible CAPA was diagnosed in 86 patients among 2080 individuals with severe COVID‐19, representing 4.13% prevalence. All CAPA cases had a positive respiratory culture for Aspergillus species. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent isolate (64%, n = 55/86). Seven isolates (9%, n = 7/80) were resistant to amphotericin B (A. fumigatus n = 5/55, 9%; A. niger, n = 2/7, 28%), two A. fumigatus isolates were resistant to itraconazole (3.6%, n = 2/55). Tracheal galactomannan values ranged between 1.2 and 4.05, while serum galactomannan was positive only in 11% (n = 3/26). Bacterial coinfection were documented in 46% (n = 40/86). Gram negatives were the most frequent cause (77%, n = 31/40 isolates), from which 13% (n = 4/31) were reported as multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Mortality rate was 60% and worse prognosis was seen in older persons, high tracheal galactomannan index and high HbA1c level.ConclusionsOne in 10 individuals with CAPA carry a resistant Aspergillus isolate and/or will be affected by a MDR bacteria. High mortality rates are seen in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Clinical characteristics, bacterial coinfections and outcomes in COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis in a third‐level Mexican hospital during the COVID‐19 pre‐vaccination era

Hernández‐Silva,

Corzo‐León,

Becerril‐Vargas

et al. 2024

Mycoses

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“…Infections caused by multidrug resistant pathogens are associated with high mortality rate [ 3 , 4 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the rate of multidrug resistant gram positive and gram-negative pathogens which escalates the burden of antibiotic resistance [ 5 ]. Antibiotic resistant pathogens are associated with both hospital and community acquired infections [ 3 , 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness, practices and perceptions of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship in Libya: a cross-sectional study

Al-Shami

Abubakar

Hussein

et al. 2023

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Community pharmacists play a vital role in promoting appropriate use of antibiotics in the community. This study evaluated the practices and perceptions of community pharmacists towards antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial stewardship in Libya. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Libya using a 47-item validated, pre-tested online questionnaire. Data was collected from December 2021 to February 2022 and was analysed using descriptive and inferential analyses. Results Of the 114 questionnaires included in the analysis, 54.4% were females, 78.1% had < 10 year working experience (78.1%), and 81.6% had a Bachelor of Pharmacy. Most (78.1%) strongly agreed/agreed that community pharmacists have an important role to play to reduce antibiotic resistance. Overall, the participants had a moderate perception towards antimicrobial resistance (median score: 21.5; IQR [16–28] out of 35.0). More than 40% supply antibiotics when patients requested them specifically, because if they do not supply them, patients will just go to another pharmacy. About 47% strongly agreed/agreed that if a patient cannot afford a full course of antibiotics all in one go, they will give them a smaller amount that they are able to afford at that time, even when a longer duration of treatment is required. Most (66.7%) had no previous involvement in antibiotics awareness campaign due to ‘I have never heard about the campaign’ (48.7%) and ‘I do not have enough time to participate’ (22.4%). Overall, the perception towards antimicrobial stewardship was good (20 [13–25] out of 25.0). Raising awareness of rational antibiotic use, including antimicrobial resistance, among pharmacy students (83.4%) and patient education by pharmacists in community pharmacies at the time medicines are supplied to patients (81.6%) were the most common strategies to improve rational use of antibiotics in community pharmacy. Conclusions Community pharmacists in Libya recognise their role in reducing antimicrobial resistance. They had a moderate perception towards antimicrobial resistance and a good perception towards antimicrobial stewardship. However, inappropriate antibiotic practices were common. The most common strategies to improve rational use of antibiotics in community pharmacy were raising awareness about the rational antibiotic use among pharmacy students and patient education by community pharmacists at the time antibiotics are dispensed to patients. Regulations are needed to restrict dispensing antibiotics without prescription among community pharmacists.

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“…Following that, in 2021, the WHO has revealed that people infected with MRSA are 64% more likely to die than people with drug-sensitive infections [ 4 ]. Recently, a meta-analysis review has revealed that there was a global increase in MRSA infection between 4.6 and 170.6% during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 5 ]. In addition, S. aureus has been identified as the leading cause of bacterial death in 135 countries and was linked to more than 1 million deaths globally in 2019 [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Gamma-Lactam Heterocycles on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Assessing the Safety and Effectiveness of Lead Compound MFM514

et al. 2023

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be one of the main causes of hospital-acquired infections in all regions of the world, while linezolid is one of the only commercially available oral antibiotics available against this dangerous gram-positive pathogen. In this study, the antibacterial activity from 32 analogues of synthetic gamma-lactam heterocycles against MRSA was determined. Amongst screened analogues for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, compound MFM514 displayed good inhibitory activity with MIC values of 7.8–15.6 µg/mL against 30 MRSA and 12 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) clinical isolates, while cytotoxicity evaluations displayed a mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of > 625 µg/mL, displaying a potential to becoming as a lead compound. In subsequent animal studies for MFM514, a single-dose oral acute toxicity test revealed an estimated mean lethal dose (LD50) value of <5000 mg/kg, while in the mice infection test, a mean effective dose (ED50) value of 29.39 mg/kg was obtained via oral administration. These results suggest that gamma-lactam carbon skeleton, particularly MFM514, is highly recommended to be evaluated further as a new safe and efficacious orally delivered antibacterial agent against MRSA.

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative pathogens: A systematic review

Cited by 60 publications

References 70 publications

Clinical characteristics, bacterial coinfections and outcomes in COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis in a third‐level Mexican hospital during the COVID‐19 pre‐vaccination era

Clinical characteristics, bacterial coinfections and outcomes in COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis in a third‐level Mexican hospital during the COVID‐19 pre‐vaccination era

Awareness, practices and perceptions of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship in Libya: a cross-sectional study

Investigating the Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Gamma-Lactam Heterocycles on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Assessing the Safety and Effectiveness of Lead Compound MFM514

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