Impact of Crop Diversification on Household Food and Nutrition Security in Southern and Central Mali

Abstract

Many African countries, including Mali, depend on the production of a single or a limited range of crops for national food security. In Mali, this heavy reliance on a range of basic commodities or staple crops, or even just one, exacerbates multiple risks to agricultural production, rural livelihoods, and nutrition. With this in mind, the smart food campaign was initiated to strengthen the resilience and nutritional situation of households and peasant communities where the diet is mainly cereal-based and remains very undiversified and poor in essential micronutrients. As part of the campaign, our study aims to analyze the impact of agricultural diversification on food consumption and household nutritional security. The analysis uses survey data from 332 individuals randomly selected. Multinomial logistic regression and the Simpson diversity index were used to determine the index and estimate the determinants of crop diversification. The consumption score index weighted by consumption frequency and anthropometric indices (for children) were used to assess the nutritional status of households. The results show four types of strategies of diversification: 7.55% are cereals only, 5.66% combine millet–sorghum–groundnut, 41.51% combine millet–sorghum–groundnut–cowpea, and 45.28% combine millet–sorghum–groundnut–cowpea–maize. The estimation of the regression model shows that socioeconomic factors have a positive influence. With a consumption score index of 34 in the villages and 40.5 in Bamako, based on eight food groups, we find that the quality of food is insufficient in rural areas, but it is acceptable in the urban center of Bamako. Analysis of the nutritional status of children aged 6–48 months reveals that 30% of the surveyed population is in a situation of nutritional insecurity (all forms combined). To help improve crop diversification and the nutritional quality of foods, we suggest, among other things, subsidies and public spending to facilitate access to inputs that allow the acquisition of a wider range of inputs and services, intensification of nutrition awareness, and education programs to maximize the incentive to consume nutritious foods from self-production and market purchases. Finally, we propose to facilitate access to technologies promoting food diversification and improving food and nutritional security, particularly in rural areas.

Diversification of crops: Assessment of managerial flexibility and economic impact on sugarcane medium-sized farms

“…Accordingly, crop diversification on small and mediumsized rural properties, formerly dedicated to sugarcane, may form an appropriate strategy for the sustainability of such holdings, since in addition to diversifying the income sources of the producer and reducing inherent risk, using crop rotation and succession systems can contribute to better use of land in terms of conservation of soil physicochemical properties, while helping to guarantee greater supply of more varied foods (McCord et al, 2015;Adjimoti et al, 2017;Asante et al, 2017;Boncinelli et al, 2018;de Roest et al, 2018;Mango et al, 2018;Douyon et al, 2022).…”

Autoabasto en la dieta campesina del Totonacapan poblano (México): implicaciones para la agrodiversidad

“…Estos resultados implican que no hay una correlación entre la superficie total cultivada y la proporción de alimentos de producción propia que se consumen. Otros autores en otros contextos rurales (Douyon et al, 2022) han observado lo mismo. Concluyen que un alto consumo de alimentos propios está relacionado con la diversificación de los cultivos y no con el tamaño de la superficie disponible (Adjimoti y Kwadzo, 2018;Mehraban e Ickowitz, 2021).…”

Linkages between Agricultural Diversification, Dietary Diversity, and Nutrition Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

“…In Mali, findings on impact of crop diversification on household nutrition, socioeconomic influences were proven to have a positive influence on food consumption and household nutritional security [37]. Thus, to improve crop diver-…”

“….Lulanga et al sification and the nutritional quality, there is need to invigorate diversification through subsidies among other measures that can then translate to impactful nutritional status[37]. The mixed outcomes outlined by the case examples demonstrate that agricultural diversification alone is not adequate to contribute to a positive change in nutrition outcomes, and mirrors the inherent needs, challenges and opportunities as concerns African Agriculture and its effect on food security resilience and nutrition[23] [38].…”