Impact of demand response for frequency regulation in two-area thermal power system

Singh, Vijay Pratap; Samuel, Paulson; Kishor, Nand

doi:10.1002/etep.2246

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Only one typical CCS of a thermal power unit is included in the unit AGC system in this paper to show the relationship between AGC and CCS clearly. The system structure model [32,33] is shown in Figure 2. The dispatching controller adopts a PI controller [34]; the CCS controller adopts more advanced predictive control; the CCS model is identified by the power plant data; the generator power system model is derived from the generator energy balance equation and other related equations.…”

Section: Agc System Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on Intelligent Predictive AGC of a Thermal Power Unit Based on Control Performance Standards

Peng

Zhao

2019

Energies

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In order to satisfy the growing demands of control performance and operation efficiency in the automatic generation control (AGC) system of a grid, a novel, intelligent predictive controller, combined with predictive control and neural network ideas, is proposed and applied to the AGC systems of thermal power units. This paper proposes a Bayesian neural network identification model for typical ultra-supercritical thermal power units, which was found to be accurate and can be used as a simulation model. Based on the model, this paper develops an intelligent predictive control for the AGC of thermal power units, which improves unit load operation and constitutes a novel, closed-loop AGC structure based on online control performance standard (CPS) evaluations. Intelligent predictive control is mainly improved because the neural network rolling optimization model replaces the traditional rolling optimization model in the rolling optimization module. The simulation results indicate that the intelligent predictive controller developed in the two-area interconnected power grid under CPS can, on the one hand, improve the load tracking performance of AGC thermal power units, and, on the other hand, the controller has strong robustness. Whether the system parameters change considerably or the AGC has different grid disturbances, the new type of the loop AGC system can still sufficiently meet the control requirements of the power grid.Energies 2019, 12, 4073 2 of 23 in [10], and the combination of various control methods [11] in the AGC system to improve development of the AGC system to some degree. Nanda et al. [12] proposed using the genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize control of the AGC system. However, this method has some shortcomings, as GA only carries out crossover and mutation operations, and it is likely to fall into local optimum or premature convergence. This has resulted in a dramatic reduction in the efficiency and searchability of the algorithm. Gozde and Taplamacioglu [13] developed a gain-scheduling proportional-integral (PI) controller for a dead zone, nonlinear AGC system. The authors used the craziness-based particle swarm optimization algorithm to minimize the standard error and solution time of different objective functions. Rabindra Kumar Sahu et al. [14] changed the controller design problem into a controller optimization problem for automatic generation control (AGC) of multi-area power systems with diverse energy sources. The proposed teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm was employed to optimize the parameters of the PID controller, and the superiority of the proposed TLBO controller has been demonstrated by simulation comparison experiments.Appropriate models serve for excellent control algorithms. As one of the intelligent algorithms, model predictive control (MPC) is advantageous because of its unique model prediction, rolling optimization, and feedback correction structure [15,16]. An MPC algorithm was presented to control coal convey systems in a coal-fired power plant [17]. Ne...

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Section: Agc System Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to NERC regulations, the performance of the regional AGC was evaluated according to CPS1 and CPS2 standards for the control area [33]. The control indexes should reach Figure 19, there were two AGC units in the grid.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Control Effecst Of Two Interconnected Units mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Intelligent Predictive AGC of a Thermal Power Unit Based on Control Performance Standards

Peng

Zhao

2019

Energies

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“…The majority of scholars at home and abroad have proposed different advanced control methods for LFC, such as load frequency predictive control with wind power connection, sliding mode control, robust control based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) and delay marginal estimation, fuzzy control, LFC based on differential game theory, etc. But at present, there are few researches on LFC of interconnected power grid with many types of generating units, such as pumped storage power station, and there are some shortcomings, such as the complexity of control algorithm, the difficulty of tuning controller parameters, the poor adaptability and so on [4,5]. In addition, in order to enable the automatic generation control (AGC) unit to fill the remaining power shortage after frequency modulation as soon as possible, the AGC unit should be called to participate in the frequency recovery adjustment in an orderly and efficient manner [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load Frequency Control of Pumped Storage Power Station Based on LADRC

Liu

Luo

et al. 2020

Processes

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The pumped storage power station has the characteristics of frequency-phase modulation, energy saving, and economy, and has great development prospects and application value. In order to cope with the large-scale integration and intermittency of renewable energy and improve the ability of pumped storage units to participate in power grid frequency modulation, this paper proposed a load frequency control (LFC) strategy for pumped storage units based on linear active disturbance rejection technology. Firstly, based on the operating characteristics of the pumped storage power station, the LFC model of the two-area reheat steam turbine under nonlinear conditions such as governor dead zone and generation rate constrains was established. Secondly, a second-order linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) was designed. The feasibility and control performance of the proposed LFC system were quantitatively analyzed through simulation. The results show that the LADRC has better control effect and stronger robustness than fractional-order proportion integration differentiation (FOPID) and traditional proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller. Finally, the pumped storage power station was added, and it was found that it has better correction performance under both generating and pumping operations, which greatly improved the dynamic response of secondary frequency modulation.

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“…Moreover, in Indian context, after thermal power and hydropower, wind energy dominates renewable energy market followed by solar, small hydro projects, biomass power, and power from urban and industrial waste. Multi‐area power system having thermal‐hydro‐wind‐diesel/biomass power generation can be a good choice for frequency stability study . The changes in frequency and tie‐line power because of fluctuations in load in interconnected power system are well managed through automatic generation control (AGC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multi-area power system having thermal-hydro-wind-diesel/biomass power generation can be a good choice for frequency stability study. [5][6][7] The changes in frequency and tie-line power because of fluctuations in load in interconnected power system are well managed through automatic generation control (AGC). But this never ensures lossless or profitable operation both for the generators and the users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid renewable energy‐integrated Indian power system under availability‐based tariff

Konar

Chakraborty

Mandal

2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary The integration of renewable sources into conventional grid may result in the grid indiscipline in terms of frequency instability and tie‐line power fluctuations. Such situations are generally handled through automatic generation control using controller parameter tuning. In deregulated power system with several public and private participants, grid discipline is affected adversely due to the imbalance between contracted values and metered values of both generation and drawal of power. In India, the availability‐based tariff (ABT) is a great solution to handle imbalance at the interstate level. In renewable integration scenario, the charges for deviation of renewable power generators are not linked with frequency whereas for conventional generators, frequency‐linked pricing is adopted for unscheduled interchange (UI). This work is based on a three area interconnected power system with thermal, hydro, wind, and diesel/biomass generators. Frequency deviation is settled through primary control and ABT‐based secondary control in case of thermal, hydro, and diesel/biomass generators. As the availability of wind power is weather dependent and stochastic in nature, the wind generator is kept out of ABT‐based secondary control loop. Studies are done here to observe the effects on frequency and tie‐line power deviations when renewable generators are integrated or disconnected from the interconnected power system. With the presence of wind generator, the frequency plot introduces overshoots. All these studies are done for sudden perturbation in demand. The simulation work is performed in MATLAB/Simulink platform.

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Impact of demand response for frequency regulation in two-area thermal power system

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

Research on Intelligent Predictive AGC of a Thermal Power Unit Based on Control Performance Standards

Research on Intelligent Predictive AGC of a Thermal Power Unit Based on Control Performance Standards

Load Frequency Control of Pumped Storage Power Station Based on LADRC

Hybrid renewable energy‐integrated Indian power system under availability‐based tariff

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