Impact of Depression on Diabetes mellitus

Toplak, Hermann; Abrahamian, Heidemarie

doi:10.1159/000234464

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Zahlreiche Studien legen eine Assoziation zwischen Diabetes und Depressionen nahe, wobei es sich dabei um eine wechselseitige Beziehung zu handeln scheint. Einerseits ist die Einnahme von Antidepressiva mit einer Erhöhung des Diabetesrisikos assoziiert und andererseits haben Diabetiker ein etwa doppelt so hohes Risiko an Depressionen zu erkranken als die Normalbevölkerung[72,73]. Die Ursachen hierfür scheinen unter anderem in den besonderen Anforderungen, die eine Diabeteserkrankung an die Patienten und ihren Alltag stellt zu liegen.…”

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Psychopharmaka und Diabetes

Ress

Tschoner

Kaser

et al. 2011

Wien Med Wochenschr

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Psychotropic drugs, such as antipsychotics and antidepressants, are widely used substances which can display marked metabolic side effects. Psychiatric patients display increased morbidity and mortality which, besides disease specific factors, may be attributed to metabolic side effects of psychotropic drugs. Commonly observed side effects of antipsychotics are weight gain as well as disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. Additionally, antipsychotics have been shown to increase diabetes risk. Also, the use of some of the antidepressant substances is associated with an increased diabetes risk. However, large inter-substance variations have been observed. Conversely, diabetics have an increased risk of depression. Metabolic side effects of psychotropic drugs pose a serious impairment for psychiatric patients and their management can play a pivotal role in therapeutic compliance and success. This review aims to give an overview of metabolic side effects of commonly used psychotic drugs and to give an insight into possible underlying mechanisms.

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Psychopharmaka und Diabetes

Ress

Tschoner

Kaser

et al. 2011

Wien Med Wochenschr

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Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss

et al. 2011

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Does exercise promote weight loss? One of the key problems with studies assessing the efficacy of exercise as a method of weight management and obesity is that mean data are presented, and the individual variability in response is overlooked. Recent data have highlighted the need to demonstrate and characterise the individual variability in response to exercise. Do people who exercise compensate for the increase in energy expenditure via compensatory increases in hunger and food intake? We address the physiological, psychological and behavioural factors potentially involved in the relationship between exercise and appetite, and identify the research questions which remain unanswered.A negative consequence of the phenomena of individual variability and compensatory responses has been the focus on those who lose little weight in response to exercise; this has been used unreasonably as evidence to suggest that exercise is a futile method of weight control and managing obesity.Most of the evidence suggests that exercise is useful for improving body composition and health. For example, when exercise-induced mean weight loss is <1.0kg, significant improvements in aerobic capacity (+6.3 ml . kg -1. min -1), systolic (-6.00 mmHg) and diastolic (-3.9 mmHg) blood pressure, waist circumference (-3.7cm) and positive mood still occur. However, people will vary in their responses to exercise; understanding and characterising this variability will help tailor weight loss strategies to suit individuals. I) IntroductionExercise is frequently used as a method of weight control through an increase in energy expenditure with the aim of creating a sustained energy deficit. Of course, compliance to the exercise itself is an important issue, however, of more interest is the issue of compensatory responses which undermine the ability of exercise to promote the theoretical weight loss. [1] There have been a multitude of studies examining the acute effects of exercise on compensatory responses in energy intake. The acute effects of exercise appear to be consistent and relatively well understood. The majority of research demonstrates that acute exercise does not increase hunger, desire to eat or energy intake. [2][3][4][5][6] Even when there is a marked increment of 4.6 MJ/d in acute exercise-induced energy expenditure (EE), and energy intake (EI) is monitored for 2 days, there is no automatic increase in EI. [7] Although the acute effects of exercise on EI are generally consistent, there are a few rare examples of a coupling between EE and EI. [8][9] More recently partial compensation to an exercise-induced energy deficit has been reported. [10][11][12] Exercise has also been demonstrated to improve the sensitivity of appetite control, and that regular exercisers are better at detecting the difference in energy content between low-and high-energy preloads compared with their sedentary counterparts. [13][14] Overall, the evidence suggests that no or only slight partial compensation occurs in response to an acute exercise-induced ...

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The Interaction Between Exercise, Appetite, and Food Intake

King

Horner

Hills

et al. 2013

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

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For weight control, exercise is intended to increase energy expenditure with the aim of creating a sustained energy deficit. Abstract: Exercise could indirectly affect body weight by exerting changes on various components of appetite control, including nutrient and taste preferences, meal size and frequency, and the drive to eat. This review summarizes the evidence on how exercise affects appetite and eating behavior and in particular answers the question, "Does exercise induce an increase in food intake to compensate for the increase in energy expenditure?" Evidence will be presented to demonstrate that there is no automatic increase in food intake in response to acute exercise and that the response to repeated exercise is variable. The review will also identify areas of further study required to explain the variability. One limitation with studies that assess the efficacy of exercise as a method of weight control is that only mean data are presented-the individual variability tends to be overlooked. Recent evidence highlights the importance of characterizing the individual variability by demonstrating exercise-induced changes in appetite. Individuals who experience lower than theoretically predicted reductions in body weight can be characterized by hedonic (eg, pleasure) and homeostatic (eg, hunger) features.

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Impact of Depression on Diabetes mellitus

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Psychopharmaka und Diabetes

Psychopharmaka und Diabetes

Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss

The Interaction Between Exercise, Appetite, and Food Intake

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