Impact of Dietary Fiber and Physical Form on Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows

Woodford, J.A.; Jorgensen, N.A.; Barrington, G. P.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(86)80499-4

Cited by 131 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus, when expressed per unit of NDF intake, the higher level of NDF intake of cows fed the bromegrass diet resulted in a shorter length of time spent eating, ruminating and total length of time eating and ruminating (Table 4). This result agrees with our pervious finding (Okine et al 1994) that dairy cattle in early lactation may maintain a constant rumination time per unit of NDF intake at NDF concentrations greater than the maximum 30% suggested by Woodford et al (1986). The results also suggest that there may be a maximum amount of time that cows irrespective of stage of lactation will chew (Welch and Smith 1970;Okine et al 1994).…”

Section: Chewing Activitiessupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of source of forage and level of concentrate on chewing activity and milk production response in late lactation cows

Okine¹,

Khorasani²,

Kennelly³

1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1997. Effects of source of forage and level of concentrate on chewing activity and milk production response in late lactation cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 253-258. Four cannulated Holstein cows in late lactation were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to determine the effects of forage source with different NDF concentrations and level of concentrate on chewing activity and milk production. Diets were 65% first-cut alfalfa silage with 54% NDF and 35% concentrate, 50% alfalfa and 50% concentrate, 65% bromegrass silage with 65.5% NDF and 35% concentrate and 50% bromegrass silage and 50% concentrate. Diets were fed in 2 × 2 factorial design (silage sources, alfalfa vs. bromegrass and two levels of concentrate, 35 vs. 50%). Dry matter intake averaged 15.2 kg d -1 and was not affected by either forage source or level of concentrate. Intake of NDF was lower for the cows fed the alfalfa-based diet vs. bromegrass silage but the level of concentrate did not affect NDF intake. Time spent eating was not affected by either forage source or concentrate level of the diet. Time spent eating and ruminating kg -1 NDF intake was higher for cows fed alfalfa-based diets than for cows fed the bromegrass-based diets. Total chews g -1 NDF intake tended (P = 0.06) to decrease when cows were fed bromegrass-based diets but eating and ruminating chews g -1 NDF intake were not affected by source of forage or level of concentrate in the diet. Diets with either alfalfa or bromegrass had no effect on daily yields of milk, FCM, fat, protein and lactose. Diets with 50% concentrate increased milk and FCM yields by 11 and 14%, respectively. Fat and lactose yields were also increased by 17 and 11% in cows fed diets with the higher concentrate level. Results suggest that chewing activities during eating and ruminating phases of the eating cycle adjusted for DMI may decrease with increased concentrate level and are not affected by source of forage in the diet. However, chewing activities adjusted for NDF intake are influenced by source of forage but not by level of concentrate in the diet. The results also suggest that yields of both milk and milk components in late lactation cows are influenced by level of concentrate in the diet, while only milk components are affected by source of forage.Key words: Dairy cattle, chewing activity, forage, milk production Okine, E. K., Khorasani, G. R. et Kennelly, J. J. 1997. Effets de la nature du fourrage et de la proportion d'aliments concentrés dans le régime sur l'activité masticatoire et sur la production laitière de vaches en fin de lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 253-258. Quatre vaches Holstein fistulisées, en fin de lactation, ont été utilisées dans une expérience conduite en carré latin 4 × 4 pour déterminer les effets de fourrages de teneurs diverses en NDF et du niveau de concentrés de la ration sur l'activité masticatoire et sur la production de lait. Les régimes consistaient en : 65 % ensilage de luzerne de première pousse à 54 % de NDF et 35 % de concentrés, 50 % ensilage de luzerne ...

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Section: Chewing Activitiessupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of source of forage and level of concentrate on chewing activity and milk production response in late lactation cows

Okine¹,

Khorasani²,

Kennelly³

1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…In addition, Woodford et al (1986) indicated that normal rumen function is dependent on both qualitative (physical form) and quantitative (dietary concentration) aspects of dietary fiber. If the "effectiveness" of dietary fiber in reducing acidosis depends solely on the amount of NDF provided by the forage, then high-concentrate finishing diets containing equal levels of NDF from different forage sources should elicit similar responses in animal performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of forage source and particle size on finishing yearling steer performance and ruminal metabolism.

Shain

Stock

Klopfenstein

et al. 1999

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:Two finishing trials and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of forage source and particle size in dry-rolled corn finishing diets. In Exp. 1, 224 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 342 ± 11 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design consisting of seven treatments. Treatments were an all-concentrate diet or diets containing equal NDF levels provided by alfalfa hay or wheat straw (three treatments each) with each forage source ground to pass through a .95-, 7.6-, or 12.7-cm screen. Steers fed diets containing forage had greater ( P < .05) DMI than steers fed an allconcentrate diet. Steers fed alfalfa diets gained faster ( P < .05) with a greater ( P < .05) concentrate efficiency than steers fed either all-concentrate or straw diets. In Exp. 2, 120 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 307 ± 2 kg) were used in a completely randomized design and fed dry-rolled corn diets containing 10% alfalfa ground to pass through either a .95-or 7.6-cm screen. Alfalfa particle size had no effect on performance or carcass measurements. In Exp. 3, six ruminally fistulated steers (BW = 508 ± 34 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design and fed an all-concentrate diet or diets containing equal NDF levels provided by alfalfa hay, wheat straw, or ground corncobs with alfalfa and straw ground to pass through either a 2.54-or 12.7-cm screen. Steers fed straw diets spent more time ( P < .10) chewing than those receiving the other diets. In conclusion, forage particle size had no effect on finishing cattle performance or ruminal metabolism data. However, cattle consuming different forage sources in dry-rolled corn finishing diets may not respond similarly in animal performance.

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“…Differences in voluntary intake may relate, in part, to the chewing required for comminution, since grinding and pelleting forages before feeding minimizes intake differences (Heaney et al 1963). were fistulated in the rumen and esophagus (Stevens et al 1985) Chewing Activities Chewing activities were monitored during each period using a strain gauge transducer linked to a computerized data acquisition system as described previously by Beauchemin et al (1989) (Beauchemin 1991;Woodford et al 1986 For personal use only. vS, main effect of forage species; M, main effect of forage maturity; S x M, interaction between species and maturity of forage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating and ruminating activities of cattle fed alfalfa or orchard-grass harvested at two stages of maturity

Beauchemin¹,

Iwaasa²

1993

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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NDF), (2) luzerne, floraison 50% (167oP8,47% NDF), (3) dactyle, anthdse (l7VoPB,56% NDF) ou (4) dactyle, post-anthdse (14% PB, 59 % NDF). Le temps pass6 i brouter 6tait le meme pour tous les r6gimes, soit 360 min j-', P > 0,05), ce qui fait que le NDF de la luzerne 6tait expos6 )r une mastication plus longue que celui du dactyle (P : 0,001) soit 167,8 contre 112,2 min kg-' NDF. Une plus grande proportion de la matidre sbche 6tait solubilis6e durant la phase d'alimentation i partir de la luzeme que du dactyle: 38,1 contre 27,O%, P : 0,001, mais moins de salive 6tait s6cr6t6e par grarnme de matidre sdche: 1,94 contre 3,09 g, P : 0,001). Aux stades de maturit6 plus avanc6s, la solubilisation de la matidre sbche 6tait r6duite pour les deux fourrages (28,1 contre 37%, P = 0,002) et il fallait davantage de salive par gramme de matidre sdche, soit 2,74 contre 2,28 g (P : 0,01). La dur6e de rumination 6tait sensiblement 6gale (312 min j-', P > 0,05) avec la luzerne ou avec le dactyle, de sorte que la dur6e de mastication de rumination par kilo de NDF de luzerne 6tait plus longue, soit 1210,8 contre 98,3 min, P < 0,01. k fourrage de coupe tardive exigeait plus de temps pour la rumination (348 contre 276 min j-' , P : 0,04). Les r6sultats montrent que les caract6ristiques des herbages de gramindes et de l6gumineuses r6colt6s i des stades physiologiques comparables n'avaient que peu d'effet Can.

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Impact of Dietary Fiber and Physical Form on Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows

Cited by 131 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of source of forage and level of concentrate on chewing activity and milk production response in late lactation cows

Effects of source of forage and level of concentrate on chewing activity and milk production response in late lactation cows

The effect of forage source and particle size on finishing yearling steer performance and ruminal metabolism.

Eating and ruminating activities of cattle fed alfalfa or orchard-grass harvested at two stages of maturity

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