Impact of dietary induced precocious gut maturation on cecal microbiota and its relation to the blood‐brain barrier during the postnatal period in rats

Marungruang, Nittaya; Sureda, Ester Arévalo; Lefrançoise, A.; Weström, Björn; Nyman, Margareta; Prykhodko, Olena; Hållenius, Frida Fåk

doi:10.1111/nmo.13285

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Interestingly, high abundances of Proteobacteria were seen in milk and pups' CC, but not in the intestinal microbiota of dams. In fact, Proteobacteria are abundant in early life because they consume oxygen and make the habitat suitable for strict anaerobes; as a consequence, their proportion decreases throughout life [55,56]. Although some differences are found between rats and humans, the study of Flemer et al (2017) concluded that the intestinal microbiota of rats was closer to humans than that of mice, supporting the use of this model in this context [57] and, therefore, the need of the results presented here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

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Associations of Breast Milk Microbiota, Immune Factors, and Fatty Acids in the Rat Mother–Offspring Pair

et al. 2020

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The present study aimed to analyze the rat breast milk profile of fatty acids (FA), immunoglobulins (Ig), microbiota, and their relationship, and to further assess their associations in the mother–offspring pair. Dams were monitored during the three weeks of gestation, allowed to deliver at term, and followed during two weeks of lactation. At the end of the study, milk was obtained from the dams for the analysis of fatty acids, microbiota composition, immunoglobulins, and cytokines. Moreover, the cecal content and plasma were obtained from both the dams and pups to study the cecal microbiota composition and the plasmatic levels of fatty acids, immunoglobulins, and cytokines. Rat breast milk lipid composition was ~65% saturated FA, ~15% monounsaturated FA, and ~20% polyunsaturated FA. Moreover, the proportions of IgM, IgG, and IgA were ~2%, ~88%, and ~10%, respectively. Breast milk was dominated by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla. In addition, forty genera were shared between the milk and cecal content of dams and pups. The correlations performed between variables showed, for example, that all IgGs subtypes correlated between the three compartments, evidencing their association in the mother-milk-pup line. We established the profile of FA, Ig, and the microbiota composition of rat breast milk. Several correlations in these variables evidenced their association through the mother-milk-pup line. Therefore, it would be interesting to perform dietary interventions during pregnancy and/or lactation that influence the quality of breast milk and have an impact on the offspring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The gut microbiota composition of 14-day old rats was similar to in the study of Marungruang et al (2018), where the most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes [55]. Interestingly, high abundances of Proteobacteria were seen in milk and pups' CC, but not in the intestinal microbiota of dams.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Associations of Breast Milk Microbiota, Immune Factors, and Fatty Acids in the Rat Mother–Offspring Pair

et al. 2020

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“…Experimental models of intestinal injury have shown that alteration in gut microbiota may cause brain injury and inflammation. Induced precocious gastrointestinal barrier maturation caused low-grade systemic inflammation and altered short-chain fatty acid utilization in the brain in suckling rats [ 73 ]. Changes in neural tissue microstructure, particularly in white matter structural integrity, were found to be associated with diet-dependent changes in gut microbiome populations [ 74 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurodevelopmental Perspective of Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis

Moschopoulos

Kratimenos

Koutroulis

et al. 2018

Mediators of Inflammation

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This state-of-the-art review article aims to highlight the most recent evidence about the therapeutic options of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, focusing on the molecular basis of the gut-brain axis in relevance to the neurodevelopmental outcomes of primary peritoneal drainage and primary laparotomy. Current evidence favors primary laparotomy over primary peritoneal drainage as regards neurodevelopment in the surgical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. The added exposure to inhalational anesthesia in infants undergoing primary laparotomy is an additional confounding variable but requires further study. The concept of the gut-brain axis suggests that bowel injury initiates systemic inflammation potentially affecting the developing central nervous system. Signals about microbes in the gut are transduced to the brain and the limbic system via the enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis have significant differences in the diversity of the microbiome compared with preterm controls. The gut bacterial flora changes remarkably prior to the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis with a predominance of pathogenic organisms. The type of initial surgical approach correlates with the length of functional gut and microbiome equilibrium influencing brain development and function through the gut-brain axis. Existing data favor patients who were treated with primary laparotomy over those who underwent primary peritoneal drainage in terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes. We propose that this is due to the sustained injurious effect of the remaining diseased and necrotic bowel on the developing newborn brain, in patients treated with primary peritoneal drainage, through the gut-brain axis and probably not due to the procedure itself.

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“…Dietary provocative agents such as Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a red kidney bean lectin, and microbial protease (PT), found in dairy products such as cheese, cause precocious gut maturation characterized by a decrease in macromolecule absorptive capacity, an increase in intestinal length and acceleration of epithelial cell growth, an effect which is independent of gut bacteria . The current study by Marungruang et al . exploited this feature of PHA to study the effect of precocious maturation of GIB on gut microbiota composition in contrast with previous studies that focused on the effects of gut microbiota composition on the GIB.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and The Gastrointestinal Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gut microbiota can modulate biological functions either by directly activating host pattern recognition receptors such as the toll like receptors (TLRs) and Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors (NLRs) through cell wall components such as the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acids, or indirectly via production of secondary bioactive metabolites such as short chain and branch chain fatty acids (see review by). Although the effect of the gut microbiota on the GI barrier (GIB) and the blood brain barrier (BBB) has been previously described, the study by Marungruang et al . in the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility describe the reciprocal effect of precocious maturation of the GI barrier on gut microbiota and its systemic consequence which has not been addressed previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota‐gut‐brain axis: Interaction of gut microbes and their metabolites with host epithelial barriers

Bhattarai

2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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The gastrointestinal barrier and the blood brain barrier represent an important line of defense to protect the underlying structures against harmful external stimuli. These host barriers are composed of epithelial and endothelial cells interconnected by tight junction proteins along with several other supporting structures. Disruption in host barrier structures has therefore been implicated in various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. While there are several factors that influence host barrier, recently there is an increasing appreciation of the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in regulating barrier integrity. In the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Marungruang et al. describe the effect of gastrointestinal barrier maturation on gut microbiota and the blood brain barrier adding to the growing evidence of microbiota-barrier interactions. In this mini-review I will discuss the effect of gut microbiota on host epithelial barriers and its implications for diseases associated with disrupted gut-brain axis.

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Impact of dietary induced precocious gut maturation on cecal microbiota and its relation to the blood‐brain barrier during the postnatal period in rats

Abstract: Background: Precocious maturation of the gastrointestinal barrier (GIB) in newborn

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Associations of Breast Milk Microbiota, Immune Factors, and Fatty Acids in the Rat Mother–Offspring Pair

Associations of Breast Milk Microbiota, Immune Factors, and Fatty Acids in the Rat Mother–Offspring Pair

The Neurodevelopmental Perspective of Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis

Microbiota‐gut‐brain axis: Interaction of gut microbes and their metabolites with host epithelial barriers

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