Impact of edaphoclimatic conditions and crop season on olive oil's fatty acids

Abstract

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) fruit oil attracts widespread interest because of its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids. However, a neglected area in the field is the edaphoclimatic factors impact, which is poorly understood. Bearing this in mind, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of the edaphoclimatic conditions on the fatty acids' composition. Therefore, we have investigated the fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) profile in 38 monovarietal Moroccan 'Picholine Marocaine' extra-virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from two successive crop years (2018-2019 and 2019-2020). Significant differences were detected in olive oils from distinct geographical origins with about 10 and 4% of the difference in oleic and palmitic acid amounts in both seasons; however, linoleic acid showed 5 and 8% in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 oils, respectively. Furthermore, regions of high altitude and low temperature resulted in olive oils rich in oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). This study also revealed the negative impact of rainfall, sand percentage, and nitrogen on saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and of pH and conductivity on the major MUFAs. INTRODUCTIONThe olive tree (Olea europaea L.

Screening of the Volatile Composition of Moroccan Olive Oils by Using SPME/GC-MS-FID over a Two-Year Period: A Pedoclimatic Discrimination

“…Thus, the influence of pedoclimatic conditions on volatile compounds is not yet clear. Indeed, the research presented herein is a complementary study of our precedent works on the phenolic fraction [37] and fatty acids [38] composition in Moroccan olive oils from the well-producing olive areas. It was designed to firstly assess the sensory profile of thirty-eight monovarietal Moroccan olive oils ("Picholine Marocaine") over two successive crop seasons (2018/19 and 2019/20), and secondly, to investigate their association with the geographical origins, including soil and climate conditions.…”

“…Once in the laboratory, the sampled soils were immediately subjected to drying, crushing, and sieving manually with 0.2 mm and 2 mm mesh screens. Subsequently, the measurements of nine soil variables, viz., soil texture (silt, clay, and sand), pH, conductivity, carbon and organic matter, limestone, NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) nutrients, and exchangeable cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Na + ), were performed in duplicate, as described in our previous papers [37,38].…”

Enhancing the machine learning classification of olive oils by adding agro-climatic to NIR spectral information

“…Furthermore, there are in the literature many works analyzing the effect of agro-climatic or meteorological conditions on some features of EVOO, in particular, on its components [18][19][20][21] . But there are few works considering that agro-climatic information can be added to NIR spectral one to predict qualitative features of EVOO, as its geographical origin or PDO.…”

Direct analysis in real time of high‐quality extra virgin olive oils for the rapid and automatic identification of origin trademark

“…Furthermore, according to the European regulations, if the oil is produced by a Member State, both the indication of the geographical area in which the olive oil was extracted and the olives were harvested should be stated on the labels ‘to ensure that consumers are not misled and the market in olive oil is not disturbed’ 7 . To this regard, the micro‐area of provenance is directly related to peculiar characteristics of some olive varieties typical of that area and increasingly appreciated on the market as a source of monocultivar EVOOs 8 …”

“…7 To this regard, the micro-area of provenance is directly related to peculiar characteristics of some olive varieties typical of that area and increasingly appreciated on the market as a source of monocultivar EVOOs. 8 Monovarieties represent added value for the place of origin as a means of diversification and source of additional information on the quality of the products. Despite this, some restrictive regulations have not been introduced to safeguard monocultivar oils.…”