Impact of Electrical Assistance on Physiological Parameters During Cycling

Meyer, Daniel; Steffan, Moritz; Senner, Veit

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.026

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Three studies recruited physically inactive individuals [ 18 – 20 ] and one study included individuals with coronary artery disease [ 21 ]. Six studies compared e-cycling to conventional cycling [ 18 , 21 – 25 ] and five compared e-cycling with assist to riding an e-bike without assistance [ 19 , 20 , 26 – 28 ]. Two studies included walking as a comparator [ 18 , 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and free speed totaling 45-min. Meyer, 2014, Germany [ 28 ] Non-randomized cross over N = 3, 0% Age: 25, 25, 27 Weight ( Kg): 74, 71, 79 Active adults, recreational cyclists E-bike pedal assist vs. E-bike no assist Trials conducted on separate days, 1-day apart. 27 km track divided in 5 sections Simons, 2009, Netherlands [ 20 ] Non-randomized cross over N = 12, 50% Age: 52.2 (8.7), range 32–60 BMI: 24.5 (2.6) 42% inactive adults 58% recreationally active adults E-bike NA vs. E-bike LA vs. E-bike HA Trials conducted in same day.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve studies reported heart rate while e-cycling [ 13 , 18 – 20 , 23 – 28 , 30 , 32 ]. During e-cycling the percentage of maximum heart rate ranged from 67.1 to 79.1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health benefits of electrically-assisted cycling: a systematic review

Bourne

Sauchelli

Perry

et al. 2018

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

107

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BackgroundElectrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) have been highlighted as a method of active travel that could overcome some of the commonly reported barriers to cycle commuting. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the health benefits associated with e-cycling.MethodA systematic literature review of studies examining physical activity, cardiorespiratory, metabolic and psychological outcomes associated with e-cycling. Where possible these outcomes were compared to those from conventional cycling and walking. Seven electronic databases, clinical trial registers, grey literature and reference lists were searched up to November 2017. Hand searching occurred until June 2018. Experimental or observational studies examining the impact of e-cycling on physical activity and/or health outcomes of interest were included. E-bikes used must have pedals and require pedalling for electric assistance to be provided.ResultsSeventeen studies (11 acute experiments, 6 longitudinal interventions) were identified involving a total of 300 participants. There was moderate evidence that e-cycling provided physical activity of at least moderate intensity, which was lower than the intensity elicited during conventional cycling, but higher than that during walking. There was also moderate evidence that e-cycling can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in physically inactive individuals. Evidence of the impact of e-cycling on metabolic and psychological health outcomes was inconclusive. Longitudinal evidence was compromised by weak study design and quality.ConclusionE-cycling can contribute to meeting physical activity recommendations and increasing physical fitness. As such, e-bikes offer a potential alternative to conventional cycling. Future research should examine the long-term health impacts of e-cycling using rigorous research designs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0751-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Health benefits of electrically-assisted cycling: a systematic review

Bourne

Sauchelli

Perry

et al. 2018

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The quality assessment tool for quantitative studies was applied (Table 2) and resulted in one strong rating, 15 one moderate rating, 19 and 12 weak ratings 14,16,17,18,20,21,24,25,26,27 . Overall, the methods were rated as strong.…”

Section: Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the effects electric bikes have on physiological parameters

McVicar

Keske

Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara

et al. 2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Background There is a universal need to increase the number of adults meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations to help improve health. In recent years, electrically assisted bicycles (e‐bikes) have emerged as a promising method for supporting people to initiate and maintain physical activity levels. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no meta‐analyses conducted to quantify the difference in physiological responses between e‐cycling with electrical assistance, e‐cycling without assistance, conventional cycling, and walking. Methods A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We identified short‐term e‐bike studies, which utilized a crossover design comparing physiological outcomes when e‐cycling with electrical assistance, e‐cycling without electrical assistance, conventional cycling, or walking. Energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), power output (PO), and metabolic equivalents (METs) outcomes were included within the meta‐analysis. Results Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria (N = 239). E‐cycling with electrical assistance resulted in a lower energy expenditure (EE) [SMD = −0.46 (−0.98, 0.06), p = 0.08], heart rate (HR) [MD = −11.41 (−17.15, −5.68), p < 0.000, beats per minute], oxygen uptake (VO2) [SMD = −0.57 (−0.96, −0.17), p = 0.005], power output (PO) [MD = −31.19 (−47.19 to −15.18), p = 0.000, Watts], and metabolic equivalent (MET) response [MD = −0.83 (−1.52, −0.14), p = 0.02, METs], compared with conventional cycling. E‐cycling with moderate electrical assistance resulted in a greater HR response [MD 10.38 (−1.48, 22.23) p = 0.09, beats per minute], and VO2 response [SMD 0.34 (−0.14, 0.82) p = 0.16] compared with walking. Conclusions E‐cycling was associated with increased physiological responses that can confer health benefits.

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“…This significantly reduces the physical strain of the cyclist. [1][2][3] Pedelecs can therefore play an important role to maintain or commence regular physical activity. 4 For instance, people can commute to work by pedelec, which has been proven to increase aerobic fitness when ridden on a regular basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating a heart rate regulation system for human–electric hybrid vehicles

Meyer

Senner

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

Self Cite

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Heart rate regulation systems for human–electric hybrid vehicles (such as electric bicycles) might help to promote physical activity and prevent overexertion. To date, there has not been a thorough evaluation that shows the benefits and limitations of such a system compared to a conventional assistance. In this article, the authors evaluated a control system that adjusts the motor torque of a four-wheeled human–electric hybrid vehicle prototype (QuadRad) to maintain the heart rate of the cyclist within user-specified limits. A randomized block design was used to validate the system. A total of 42 persons performed a 70-min test cycle with the QuadRad on a stationary test rig. Participants were equally divided into 14 blocks based on an estimate of their fitness level. Within each block, participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. The three groups compared the following: (1) regulation of subjectively perceived exertion using standard assistance, (2) regulation of heart rate using standard assistance and (3) regulation of heart rate using control system. A non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences between the three groups for mean absolute deviation of the heart rate from the reference heart rate [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Post hoc comparison showed that [Formula: see text] was significantly lower for groups 2 [Formula: see text] and 3 [Formula: see text] compared to group 1 and similar between groups 2 and 3 [Formula: see text]. Time out of the heart rate zone [Formula: see text] was significantly different between all groups [Formula: see text]. Post hoc analysis showed that [Formula: see text] was lower for groups 2 [Formula: see text] and 3 [Formula: see text] compared to group 1 and similar between groups 2 and 3 [Formula: see text]. The results indicated that cyclists can use the system to maintain their heart rate within self-chosen limits without having to monitor their heart rate or manually change the assistance mode.

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Impact of Electrical Assistance on Physiological Parameters During Cycling

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Health benefits of electrically-assisted cycling: a systematic review

Health benefits of electrically-assisted cycling: a systematic review

Systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the effects electric bikes have on physiological parameters

Evaluating a heart rate regulation system for human–electric hybrid vehicles

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