Impact of Exposure to Fenitrothion on Vital Organs in Rats

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the impact of oral administration of fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) on liver, kidney, brain, and lung function in rats. The effect was studied on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. Our results have shown deterioration in liver function as evidenced by the elevation in serum ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin and reduction in albumin and hepatic glycogen. This was associated with a state of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and increased prothrombin time, while hemoglobin content was reduced. In addition, the kidney function was reduced as indicated by the elevation in serum creatinine, uric acid, and BUN, while the serum levels of magnesium, potassium, and sodium were reduced. This study also showed an impairment in brain neurotransmitter (elevated 5-HT, glutamate, GABA, and reduced dopamine and norepinephrine level). This was associated with a reduction in the barrier capacity in brain and lung. Fenitrothion also caused a decrease in cholinesterase activity in serum, lung, and brain activity associated with a state of oxidative stress in all tested organs and hyperammonemia. These results support the hazards of pesticide use and shows the importance of minimizing pesticide use or discovering new safe pesticides.

Ameliorative Effects of Honey, Propolis, Pollen, and Royal Jelly Mixture against Chronic Toxicity of Sumithion Insecticide in White Albino Rats

“…Our study revealed that SUM led to an increase in serum uric acid and creatinine related to rats that received SUM-HPPJ and the control group, suggesting a kidney functional dysfunction. Our findings are consistent with other reports that confirmed that the kidney was one of the OPs target organs [47,65]. Honey has been shown to improve renal function in normal people by elevating nitric oxide levels and reducing prostaglandins [66].…”

“…The current findings revealed that administering fenitrothion induced homeostasis of glucose, as confirmed by a substantial gradual rise in the blood glucose level. Furthermore, previous research suggested that repeated exposure to OPs causes hyperglycemia and glycogen depletion in the muscle and liver [48,65]. This may be due to the impaired transport of glucose and the synthesis of glycogen [80].…”

“…Additionally, our study indicated that SUM exposure was followed by a decline in the hemoglobin level, and these findings followed those shown by Mongi et al [76], who stated that exposure to OPs affected the hematological parameters in rats. The drop in the level of hemoglobin might be attributed to an impairment of heme biosynthesis in bone marrow [65] or might be due to OPs binding to iron, accompanied by the absence of an iron combination in hemoglobin [77]. Additionally, the current study showed decreases in the HGB concentration, platelets, RBCs, and WBCs numbers in the case of SUM-treated rats, while a portion of bee bread produced a substantial increase in the HGB, iron level, and PCV in a normal individual [21].…”

“…The liver is involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and transportation of lipid, as well as in impairments in the levels of plasma lipid, which may act as a simple indicator for evaluating liver dysfunctions [65]. Much research has documented changes in liver lipid profiles caused by OPs.…”

Solanum nigrum Fruit Extract Increases Toxicity of Fenitrothion—A Synthetic Insecticide, in the Mealworm Beetle Tenebrio molitor Larvae

“…For the studies, we chose fenitrothion (FN), a synthetic insecticide from the group of organophosphates, that despite its toxicity and latest withdrawal from sale by the law in European countries, is commonly used in food storage facilities in many countries worldwide. Moreover, FN is very well-studied for its chemical and physiological properties, as evidenced by numerous studies, including reports about its influence on insects [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], rodents [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], and humans [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Therefore, this pesticide is a good model for the tests of organophosphates’ toxicity.…”