Impact of fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome on incident type 2 diabetes; a population based cohort study

Adherence to a vegetable dietary pattern attenuates the risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in incident type 2 diabetes: The TCLSIH cohort study

“…The other three studies also failed to use a 2‐h post‐load glucose [25] or HbA1c [26, 29]. We also found that, compared with our study, all previous studies with large sample sizes (including more than 10,000 participants) demonstrated slightly lower HRs in mainland China [26–28], Taiwan [31], South Korea [32–34], and Japan [35]. The possible reason for this could be that none of the previous studies had adjusted for dietary intake in exploring the associations between NAFLD and incident type 2 diabetes.…”

Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction Is Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Studies have demonstrated that even within a normal range of fasting plasma glucose, the β-cell function may begin to decline before the diagnosis of overt type 2 diabetes [13,14]. NAFLD is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity [15], and cohort studies showed that fatty liver increased the incidence of diabetes [16,17]. However, the evidence of the association between pancreatic β-cell function and NAFLD is limited and controversial.…”

Human and molecular genetics shed lights on fatty liver disease and diabetes conundrum

“…Compared with the normal group, the adjusted HRs for incident T2D were 2.35 (95% CI 1.9‐2.9) in non‐MetS individuals with FLD, 1.70 (95% CI 1.3‐2.2) in those with MetS alone and 2.33 (95% CI 1.9‐2.9) in those with both MetS and FLD, respectively. Additionally, patients with FLD (irrespective of coexistence of MetS) had a ~ 38% increased risk of developing T2D compared to those with MetS alone 29 …”

“…3,4 In Table 1, we included the observational studies, published in the last 5 years, investigating the association between FLD and risk of incident T2D. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Collectively, all these studies have consistently documented that FLD was strongly associated with an increased risk of incident T2D, independently of age, sex, adiposity measures and other potential confounding factors ( Table 1). The increased risk of incident T2D ranged approximately from a 50% 30 to 3.5-fold increase 36 in individuals with FLD, becoming even higher in sexstratified analyses.…”

“…A body of evidence shows that FLD, as detected by imaging methods, is an early predictor for the development of incident T2D 3,4 . In Table 1, we included the observational studies, published in the last 5 years, investigating the association between FLD and risk of incident T2D 22‐40 . Collectively, all these studies have consistently documented that FLD was strongly associated with an increased risk of incident T2D, independently of age, sex, adiposity measures and other potential confounding factors (Table 1).…”