Impact of fused deposition process parameter (infill pattern) on the strength of PETG part

Srinivasan, Ramachandran; Kumar, K. Nirmal; Ibrahim, Aws; Anandu, K.V.; Gurudhevan, R.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.777

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similarly, the infill pattern also plays a pivotal role in defining the strength of the 3D printed PETG parts. [12] It is seen that the grid pattern offers the highest mechanical strength for practical applications followed by the honeycomb pattern. Similarly, on extrapolating this observation to the effect of infill density, a complete 100% infill offers the highest strength parameters for 3D printed PETG parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured PETG composites reinforced with OMMT nanoclay and carbon fibers

et al. 2021

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Polymers and their composites have undergone massive development over the years through intensive research studies. The plethora of opportunities offered by these materials is greatly complimented by the advent of additive manufacturing. The present work analyses the mechanical properties of glycol-modified polyethylene glycol (PETG) reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay and short carbon fibers (SCF). This work is the first of its kind to offer a complete overview of the mechanical properties of the composites prepared by these materials through 3D printing without the application of any post-processing techniques. These materials are initially compounded and followed by extrusion using a single-screw extruder to obtain fine filaments of 1.75 mm diameter. The specimens of PETG composite filaments were 3D printed as per the ASTM standards, using fused deposition modeling technique without any post-processing. The fabricated PETG/OMMT/ SCF specimens are tested to study its tensile, compression, flexural, impact, and hardness properties. The fractured specimens from the tensile tests are analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. It is seen that the addition of OMMT nanoclay improves the properties of the composites by a significant extent for most of the tests. However, the addition of SCF has a negligible effect on the properties of the composites due to the presence of interstitial voids and poor matrix-fiber bonding. This calls for additional process parameter variations and post-processing techniques like pre-stressing, annealing, and others. These composites can be used in a wide variety of applications ranging from secondary structures in aerospace, automotive applications to minor orthotic and prosthetic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured PETG composites reinforced with OMMT nanoclay and carbon fibers

et al. 2021

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“…Reports in the literature show lower or similar values in FFF specimens produced with pure, unrecycled PET, at around 28.12 MPa [ 36 ], while literature on recycled FFF PETG reports similar results, with a slight increase in the tensile strength when compared to pure PETG [ 17 ]. On the other hand, other studies report a decrease in the tensile strength with rounds of recycling of PETG [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes

et al. 2021

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The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste for a balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led to increasing scientific interest in developing new recycling processes for plastic products. Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) is known to have some enhanced properties as compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) homopolymer; this has recently attracted the interest from the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing community. PET has shown a reduced ability for repeated recycling through traditional processes. Herein, we demonstrate the potential for using recycled PETG in consecutive 3D printing manufacturing processes. Distributed recycling additive manufacturing (DRAM)-oriented equipment was chosen in order to test the mechanical and thermal response of PETG material in continuous recycling processes. Tensile, flexure, impact strength, and Vickers micro-hardness tests were carried out for six (6) cycles of recycling. Finally, Raman spectroscopy as well as thermal and morphological analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography were carried out. In general, the results revealed a minor knockdown effect on the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties of PETG following the process proposed herein, even after six rounds of recycling.

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“…Previous studies on the mechanical properties of PET-G structures processed by FDM [ 25 , 26 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] analyzed the material by performing an experimental investigation on tensile properties. However, little work has been performed to evaluate the crashworthiness behavior of PET-G honeycomb structures due to the manufacturing and machine-processing related factors from FDM printing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the manufacturing of the test specimens, this study mainly focuses on varying two process parameters of the 3D printer: infill density and building direction. Meanwhile, based on studies by Rodríguez-Panes et al [ 41 ], Durgashyam et al [ 31 ], Dupaix and Boyce [ 33 ], and Srinivasan et al [ 25 ], the layer thickness, infill pattern, and printing angle of layers remained constant to evaluate the mechanical and surface properties of FDM printed PET-G parts as a means of gaining better insight into the relations between the 3D printed morphology of the honeycomb structure and the mechanical performance as the infill density and building direction are changed. The response of the hexagonal honeycomb was analyzed quasi-statically via compression essays along the transverse direction from the XY plane to determine the effects of the selected mechanical properties on the performance of the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PET-G, an amorphous copolymer, is a novel material on the market [20][21][22]. PET-G polymer is ductile, durable, highly chemically and impact-resistant, biocompatible, tough, flexible, readily thermoformable [22,23], ultraviolet-and weather-resistant [24][25][26], and easier to process and mold than polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [21,27]. In comparison with other 3D printing filaments, PET-G is considered a material that possesses the qualities of ABS such as durability and strength but is biocompatible and has higher flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Load Distribution on PET-G 3D Prints of Honeycomb Cellular Structures under Compression Load

et al. 2021

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Energy resulting from an impact is manifested through unwanted damage to objects or persons. New materials made of cellular structures have enhanced energy absorption (EA) capabilities. The hexagonal honeycomb is widely known for its space-filling capacity, structural stability, and high EA potential. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been effectively useful in a vast range of applications. The evolution of these technologies has been studied continuously, with a focus on improving the mechanical and structural characteristics of three-dimensional (3D)-printed models to create complex quality parts that satisfy design and mechanical requirements. In this study, 3D honeycomb structures of novel material polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) were fabricated by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method with different infill density values (30%, 70%, and 100%) and printing orientations (edge, flat, and upright). The effectiveness for EA of the design and the effect of the process parameters of infill density and layer printing orientation were investigated by performing in-plane compression tests, and the set of parameters that produced superior results for better EA was determined by analyzing the area under the curve and the welding between the filament layers in the printed object via FDM. The results showed that the printing parameters implemented in this study considerably affected the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed PET-G honeycomb structure. The structure with the upright printing direction and 100% infill density exhibited an extension to delamination and fragmentation, thus, a desirable performance with a long plateau region in the load–displacement curve and major absorption of energy.

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Impact of fused deposition process parameter (infill pattern) on the strength of PETG part

Cited by 46 publications

References 5 publications

Investigation on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured PETG composites reinforced with OMMT nanoclay and carbon fibers

Investigation on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured PETG composites reinforced with OMMT nanoclay and carbon fibers

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes

Load Distribution on PET-G 3D Prints of Honeycomb Cellular Structures under Compression Load

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