Impact of Gasoline and Diesel Specifications on the Refining Industry

Anabtawi, Jamal A.; Ali, Syed A.; Ali, Mohammed Ashraf

doi:10.1080/00908319608908759

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Annual averages of benzene concentration have previously been measured in various European regions, as reported by Cocheo et al (2000) IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute and Skov et al (2001). The annual average concentrations of benzene in metropolitans have ranged from a little ppb to more than 6.25 ppb (Anabtawi et al 1996). Benzene concentration in Mexico City has been reported to be 14.46 ppb (Ortiz et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of variations in benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations in Tehran using GIS

Atabi

Moattar

Mansouri

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study investigates the variations of benzene concentration levels in district 1, situated in the north part of Tehran, capital of Iran. Thirty-three stations in five categories, namely roadsides, busy roads, residential areas, traffic intersections, and the vicinity of gas stations, were monitored during the rush hours in the afternoon once a week over a period of 1 year. Accordingly, benzene concentration levels were measured and predicted by inverse distance weight model. The recorded benzene concentration levels were then compared with those reported in other parts of the world. According to the results, the annual concentration levels of benzene was 13.85 ppb for roads with heavy traffic flow, 14.98 ppb for traffic intersections, 29.01 ppb for the vicinity of the gas stations, 3.26 ppb for residential areas, and 9.97 ppb for roadsides. The concentration of benzene in the vicinity of the gas station sampling point was higher than in the other stations, and at all locations was found to be so much more than the standard concentration levels (1.56 ppb) prescribed by Environmental Protection Agency for the ambient air quality. The results of the study revealed that the benzene concentration levels in Tehran are distinctly more than its standard level. This is mainly attributed to the poor quality of fuel and lack of a standard system for controlling petrol vapors in the gas stations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of variations in benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations in Tehran using GIS

Atabi

Moattar

Mansouri

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…This, and the increasing feed heaviness, as well as the more stringent demands on product qualities and environmental regulations (Anabtawi et al, 1996) make it necessary to develop models for refinery operations that can be used to optimize the various processes and also to predict product yields and properties. This, and the increasing feed heaviness, as well as the more stringent demands on product qualities and environmental regulations (Anabtawi et al, 1996) make it necessary to develop models for refinery operations that can be used to optimize the various processes and also to predict product yields and properties.…”

Section: Regression-based Planning: Example Of the Fluid Catalytic Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum Refinery Planning

Al‐Qahtani

Elkamel

2010

Planning and Integration of Refinery and Petrochemical Operations

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model.A key characteristic of scheduling operations is the dynamic and extensive information required to describe the system. Customer orders, resource availability, and manufacturing processes undergo relatively rapid changes, resulting in a compelling need for efficient management of information and resources.Planning problems can mainly be distinguished as strategic, tactical or operational, based on the decisions involved and the time horizon considered (Grossmann, van den Heever and Harjunkoski, 2001). The strategic level planning considers a time span of more than one year and covers the whole width of an organization. At this level, approximate and/or aggregate models are adequate and mainly consider future investment decisions. Tactical level planning typically involves a midterm horizon of a few months to a year, where the decisions usually include production, inventory, and distribution. Operational level covers shorter periods of time, spanning from one week to three months, where the decisions involve actual production and allocation of resources. For a general process operations hierarchy, planning is at the highest level of command. As shown in Figure 2.1, enterprise-wide planning provides production targets for each individual site, where each site transforms the plans into schedules and operational/control targets.Despite the differences, it is obvious that production planning, scheduling, and operations control are all closely-related activities. Decisions made at the production planning level have a great impact at the scheduling level, while the scheduling in itself determines the feasibility of executing the production plans with the resulting

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“…So the specification of gasoline should be followed strictly. Adulteration disturbs the specification and leads to more health problems (Anabtawi et al, 1996). Adulteration of gasoline, a criminal practice, has been observed across the globe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Detection of Kerosene as an Adulterant in Gasoline

Majhi

Kukerti

Sharma

et al. 2012

Petroleum Science and Technology

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Fuel adulteration is associated with environmental pollution, engine performance, and tax loss. Different key characteristics of gasoline were tested using an American Society for Testing and Materials/Institute of Petroleum/Indian Standards (ASTM/IP/IS) method. The results indicate that there is a large fluctuation of fuel properties among the oil marketing companies. In this study, three different grades of gasoline samples were adulterated with 5, 7, and 10% kerosene. These samples were analyzed for the following characteristics to detect adulterants in commercial gasoline: chromatographic analysis, atmospheric distillation (ASTM D 86-1996), and the filter paper test. The first two methods are scientific approaches to detecting adulterants in gasoline and the third is useful in retail outlets. This method has been given emphasis to detect public distribution system (PDS) kerosene as an adulterant in commercial gasoline; gasoline is frequently adulterated with PDS kerosene in Asian countries due to its low cost.

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Impact of Gasoline and Diesel Specifications on the Refining Industry

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Assessment of variations in benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations in Tehran using GIS

Assessment of variations in benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations in Tehran using GIS

Petroleum Refinery Planning

The Detection of Kerosene as an Adulterant in Gasoline

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